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关键词： biglycan   cartilage   osteoarthritis   pericellular matrix   perlecan   spatial chondrocyte organization  

摘要： During osteoarthritis, chondrocytes change their spatial arrangement from single to double strings, then to small and big clusters. This change in pattern has recently been established as an image-based biomarker for osteoarthritis. The pericellular matrix (PCM) appears to degrade together alongside cellular reorganization. The aim of this study was to characterize this PCM-degradation based on different cellular patterns. We additionally wanted to identify the earliest time point of PCM-breakdown in this physiopathological model. To this end, cartilage samples were selected according to their predominant cellular pattern. Qualitative analysis of PCM degradation was performed immunohistochemically by analysing five main PCM components: collagen type VI, perlecan, collagen type III, biglycan, and fibrillin-1 (n = 6 patients). Their protein content was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (127 patients). Accompanying spatial cellular rearrangement, the PCM is progressively destroyed, with a pericellular signal loss in fluorescence microscopy for collagen type VI, perlecan, and biglycan. This loss in protein signal is accompanied by a reduction in total protein content from single strings to big clusters (P < .001 for collagen type VI, P = .003 for perlecan, and P < .001 for biglycan). As a result of an increase in the number of cells from single strings to big clusters, the amount of protein available per cell also decreases for collagen type III and fibrillin-1, where total protein levels remain constant. Biochemical changes of the PCM and cellular rearrangement are thus highly interconnected hallmarks of osteoarthritis. Interestingly, the earliest point in time for a relevant PCM impairment appears to be at the transition to small clusters.

关键词： Methylmalonic acidemia   MMA   liver transplant   nutrition  

摘要： Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is caused by a deficiency of methyl-malonyl-CoA mutase. It is a multisystemic condition with poor clinical outcomes characterized by frequent metabolic decompensation with acidosis, hyperammonemia and encephalopathy. Restriction of intact protein and supplementation with amino acid-based formula play an important role in its management. Recently, liver transplant (LT) became a treatment option for MMA patients. However, there has been no current consensus on the post-operative nutrition management for MMA patients undergoing transplant, particularly during the initial phase of recovery period with catabolic stressors. We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical and nutritional management as well as biochemical profiles before and after LT in five patients with MMA. Through this study, we observed significant improvement of MMA-associated metabolites after LT. MMA patients were able to tolerate increased intact protein intake post-operatively. At least 1-1.5 g/kg/day of total protein during the acute phase after transplant may be tolerated without worsening of the metabolite levels. This information provides a guide in how to nutritionally manage MMA after LT.

关键词： Absorption   Biological system modeling   Machine learning   Estimation   Vegetation mapping   Pigments   Biomedical optical imaging   Hyperspectral   leaf parameter estimation   machine learning regression  

摘要： Spectral measurements are commonly applied for the nondestructive estimation of leaf parameters, such as the concentrations of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, anthocyanin, brown pigment, leaf water content, and leaf mass per area for the quantification of vegetation physiology. The most popular way to estimate these parameters is by using spectral vegetation indices. The use of biochemical models allows us to use the full wavelength range (4002500 nm) and to physically interpret the result. However, their performance is usually lower than that of supervised machine learning regression techniques. Machine learning regression techniques, on the other hand, have the disadvantage that the relationship between estimated parameters and the reflectance/transmission spectra is unclear. In this article, a hybrid between a supervised learning method and physical modeling for the estimation of leaf parameters is proposed. In this method, a machine learning regression technique is applied to learn a mapping from the true hyperspectral data set to a data set that follows the PROSPECT model. The PROSPECT model then reveals the actual leaf parameters. Two mapping methods, based on Gaussian processes (GPs) and kernel ridge regression (KRR) are proposed. As an alternative, mapping onto the leaf absorption spectra is proposed as well. The proposed methodology not only estimates the leaf parameters with a lower error but also solves the interpretation problem of the parameters estimated by the advanced machine learning regression techniques. This method is validated on the ANGERS and LOPEX data set.

关键词： CHROMagar Orientation medium   Enterobacterales   presumptive identification   rapid biochemical tests  

摘要： Background The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is gradually spreading among large-scale laboratories;however, this method is impractical for small-scale laboratories. In laboratories without access to these rapid identification methods, problems related to them remain unsolved. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid and inexpensive method to presumptively identifyEnterobacteralesusing CHROMagar Orientation medium. Methods The algorithm for presumptive identification ofEnterobacteriaceaeusing CHROMagar Orientation medium was based on our previous studies. Modified property tests for indole, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, and hydrogen sulfide were performed to evaluate the differentiation of the bacterial species. Results Using the type strains and clinical isolates, it was possible to conduct the property tests at a low cost, within 4 hours. The spot indole test was performed without any nonspecific reactions for the bacteria forming colored colonies. The presumptive identification of bacteria was thereby possible within 24 hours after specimen submission. Conclusion All these results suggest that the rapid presumptive identification ofEnterobacteralesis possible with this new identification method using CHROMagar Orientation medium. This is therefore a prompt and economical method that can be used in routine laboratory work.

关键词： 情绪   心理学   生物化学   研究  

ISBN: (纸本)9787516827055

摘要： 本书作者记载了自己探索知识的经历, 也是每个人追求身心健康的蓝图。既有作者对自己人生经历的感悟, 也讲述了人体内的“胜肽”。人体内的胜肽都可能是一个神经胜肽, 也就是说可能有受体在脑部, 因此脑的每个部位都有胜肽, 不但控制全身功能的大脑皮质有胜肽, 控管情绪的边缘组织也有胜肽, 这个体内生物化学元素“胜肽”的网, 使她了解人体欲求“健康”, 身体的组织、功能和情绪都必须平衡和谐才能达到目的, 因此也可以说情绪和功能都能由“脑”来控制。总之, 这是横跨心理学、自然科普的半自传书, 也是一个追寻内心成长、与自已和解和他人和解的过程。

关键词： Monosodium glutamate   Nigella sativa oil   Thyroid gland   Cerebellum   Albino rats   Histopathology  

摘要： Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a major taste enhancer that is used as a food additive. Vitamin C (Vit C) and Nigella sativa oil (NSO) are known for their potent antioxidant activities. Objective: This study investigates the adverse effect of MSG on the thyroid gland and cerebellum of adult male albino rats and the protection against MSG-mediated toxicity provided by Vit C and NSO. Design: Fifty rats were divided into five groups that were treated via oral gavage. Group I (control) rats received distilled water, Group II rats were treated with MSG (6 mg/gm body weight/day), Group III rats were treated with MSG and Vit C (100 mg/kg body weight /day), Group IV rats were treated with MSG and NSO (50 mg/kg body weight two times per week), and Group V rats were treated with MSG together with both Vit C and NSO with MSG. After 60 days of treatment, rats were euthanized and histological sections were prepared from the thyroid gland and the cerebellum for routine staining and immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), Caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), respectively. Cerebellar tissue was also evaluated to determine glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels;GSH was also measured in thyroid tissue. Serum levels of fT3, fT4 and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were also evaluated. Results: Microscopic examination of cerebellar tissues revealed significant cerebellar injury and cellular apoptosis among the rats in Group II. The thyroid glands of Group II rats were notable for degenerating follicles, loss of colloid, sloughed follicular cells and congested blood vessels. The cerebellar and thyroid tissues from rats in treatment Groups III, IV and V revealed significantly less pathology. Cerebellar and thyroid tissues from Group II rats that were treated with MSG alone revealed intense GFAP and caspase-3 (cerebellar) and PCNA (thyroid) immunoreactivity. Furthermore, cerebellar tissues from rats received MSG alone (Group I

关键词： Seed vigour   Molecular markers   Marker-trait association   Biochemical traits   Physiological traits   Rice  

摘要： Eighteen physio-biochemical traits influencing seed vigour were studied for their association with molecular markers using a mini core set constituted from 120 germplasm lines. High genetic variation was detected in the parameters namely chlrophyll a, Chlrophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total anthocyanin content, gamma-oryzanols, total phenolics content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaicol peroxidase, total soluble sugar, total protein, seed vigour index -I and seed vigour index -II. Strong positive correlation of seed vigour index II was observed with amylose content, total anthocyanin content, catalase, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content while a negative association was observed for gamma-oryzanol content. High gene diversity (0.7169) and informative markers value (0.6789) were estimated from the investigation. Three genetic structure groups were observed in the panel population and genotypes were grouped in the subpopulations based on the seed vigour trait. Differences in the fixation indices of the three sub populations indicated existence of linkage disequilibrium in the studied panel population. Association of the traits namely total flavonoids, superoxide dismutase, catalase, chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, starch, amylose, total anthocyanin, gamma-oryzanol, total phenolics with the molecular markers were detected by Generalized Linear Model and Mixed Linear Model showing > 0.10 R(2)value. Association of the trait, total flavonoids with marker RM7364 located on chromosome 8 reported in earlier study was validated in this investigation. The validated markers and the novel markers detected showing higher R(2)value will be useful for improvement of seed vigour in rice.

关键词： Berberis kansuensis   metabolomics   biochemistry assay   NMR spectroscopy   diabetes   pathway analysis   biological activity  

摘要： The dried stem bark ofBerberis ***. (Berberidaceae) was widely used to treat diabetes in traditional Tibetan medicine system. However, its anti-diabetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study,H-1-NMR-based metabolomics combined with biochemistry assay was applied to investigate the anti-diabetic activities as well as underlying mechanisms ofB. kansuensisextract on type 2 diabetic rats. The results showed that after 30 days treatment withB. kansuensisextract, the levels of FBG, GSP, INS, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 were significantly decreased inB. kansuensisgroup compared with the model group. Besides, a total of 28 metabolites were identified in rat serum by(1)H-NMR-based metabolomics method, 16 of which were significantly different in the normal group compared with the model group, and eight of them were significantly reversed afterB. kansuensisintervention. Further analysis of metabolic pathways indicated that therapeutic effect ofB. kansuensismight be predominantly related to their ability to improve glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and choline metabolism. The results of both metabolomics and biochemical analysis indicated thatB. kansuensisextract has a potential anti-diabetic effect on type 2 diabetic rats. Its therapeutic effect may be based on the ability of anti-inflammation, alleviating insulin resistance and restoring several disturbed metabolic pathways.

关键词： Prostate-specific antigen   Prostate cancer   Brachytherapy   Stereotactic body radiation therapy   SBRT  

摘要： Background and purpose: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), low dose rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) and high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) are ablative-intent radiotherapy options for prostate cancer (PCa). These vary considerably in dose delivery, which may impact post-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) patterns and biochemical control. We compared PSA kinetics between SBRT, HDR-BT, and LDR-BT, and assessed their relationships to biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS). Methods and materials: Retrospective PSA data were analyzed for 3502 men with low-risk (n = 2223;63.5%), favorable intermediate-risk (n = 869;24.8%), and unfavorable intermediate-risk (n = 410;11.7%) PCa treated with SBRT (n = 1716;49.0%), HDR-BT (n = 512;14.6%), or LDR-BT (n = 1274;36.4%) without upfront androgen deprivation therapy at 10 institutions from 1990 to 2017. We compared nadir PSA (nPSA), time to nPSA, achievement of nPSA <0.2 ng/mL and <0.5 ng/mL, rates of nPSA <0.4 ng/mL at 4 years, and BCRFS. Results: Median follow-up was 72 months. Median nPSA and nPSA <0.2 ng/mL were stratified by risk group (interaction p < 0.001). Median nPSA and time to nPSA were 0.2 ng/mL at 44 months after SBRT, 0.1-0.2 ng/mL at 37 months after HDR-BT, and 0.01-0.2 ng/mL at 51 months after LDR-BT (mean log nPSA p < 0.009 for LDR-BT vs. SBRT or HDR-BT for low/favorable intermediate-risk). There were no differences in nPSA 0.4 ng/mL at 4 years (p 0.51). BCRFS was similar for all three modalities (p > 0.27). Continued PSA decay beyond 4 years was predictive of durable biochemical control. Conclusion: LDR-BT led to lower nPSAs with longer continued decay compared to SBRT and HDR-BT, but no differences in BCRFS. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.