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关键词： 绿色分析化学   手册   化学试剂   环境安全   环境友好型   社会发展   化学学科   使用量  

摘要： 绿色分析化学学科的出现是社会发展的需要--开发能有效使有害化学试剂的使用量，并最小化操作者和环境安全最大化的分析程序。近年来，为了防止或降低分析工作对环境带来的有害影响，一些方法论和技术工具得到很大的发展，关键策略包括：回收、取代、试剂或溶剂的还原或去毒等。本书综述了绿色分析化学近年的状态和发展。国际著名专家在本书中讨论了绿色分析化学的基本原理，并提出了发展环境友好型分析技术的一系列工具。

关键词： 分析化学   现代教学   传统教学  

摘要： 对分析化学教学方法进行了研究,总结出在教学过程中,将现代教学模式和传统教学模式结合,更有利于学生理解和掌握所学的知识,取得更好的教学效果。

关键词： ANALYTICAL chemistry -- History   PUBLIC health   HISTORY   MILK   ADULTERATIONS   SCIENCE   PROFESSIONALIZATION   GREAT Britain  

摘要： This article centres on a particularly intense debate within British analytical chemistry in the late nineteenth century, between local public analysts and the government chemists of the Inland Revenue Service. The two groups differed in both practical methodologies and in the interpretation of analytical findings. The most striking debates in this period were related to milk analysis, highlighted especially in Victorian courtrooms. It was in protracted court cases, such as the well known Manchester Milk Case in 1883, that analytical chemistry was performed between local public analysts and the government chemists, who were often both used as expert witnesses. Victorian courtrooms were thus important sites in the context of the uneven professionalisation of chemistry. I use this tension to highlight what Christopher Hamlin has called the defining feature of Victorian public health, namely conflicts of professional jurisdiction, which adds nuance to histories of the struggle of professionalisation and public credibility in analytical chemistry.

关键词： GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)   CHEMICAL weapons   ANALYTICAL chemistry -- Technique  

摘要： The entry into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) on the 29th of April 1997 was a landmark success in the field of arms control and disarmament. Fig.?1 The CWC outlaws the use, production and stockpiling of chemical weapons and bans or regulates precursors. A signature element of the CWC is the complex and far-reaching verification mechanism that is implemented by the Technical Secretariat of the Organisation for the Prohibitions for Chemical Weapons (OPCW) located in The Hague in the Netherlands. This includes declaration requirements for existing stockpiles, precursors and production facilities and their subsequent destruction under constant supervision of OPCW inspectors. Additional requirements include declaration of certain industrial sites and activities, inspections of industry sites as confidence-building measures and the requirement for state parties to the CWC to implement national legislation. In the case of a suspected violation of the CWC, the policy-making org

关键词： Subsurface constructed wetlands   Phosphorus   Secondary effluent from sewage treatment plant   Reaction kinetics model  

摘要： Different subsurface flow constructed wetlands were adapted to advanced treat sewage treatment plant secondary effluent and analyze the effect of phosphorus removal and its reaction kinetics model. The results showed that horizontal subsurface flow wetland removal of phosphorus in sewage exhibited a good removal characteristic and compared with horizontal zeolite wetland, horizontal limestone wetland exhibited better phosphorus removal effect, the removal rate basically retained at 66.3 +/- 3.32 to 92.0 +/- 4.82 %. In addition, based on the reaction dynamics simulation analysis, the results showed that two subsurface flow wetlands were in line with the characteristics of first-order kinetics equation, i.e. phosphorus removal process was basically carried out to a reaction.

关键词： measurement uncertainty   chemistry   Eurachem  

摘要： The developments that led to the third edition of the Eurachem Guide 'Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement' are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the rationale for early use of spreadsheet methods, the incorporation of method performance data in the second edition, and the third edition's provisions on uncertainties near zero and Monte Carlo methods. The development of uncertainty concepts in chemistry is reviewed briefly and some of the challenges found in early implementation of measurement uncertainty in chemistry are recalled. Problems arising from uncertainty evaluation for reference measurements with limited data are discussed.

关键词： Complex mixture   Livestock operation   Fathead minnow   Gene expression   Steroid hormone  

摘要： Animal waste from livestock farming operations can contain varying levels of natural and synthetic androgens and/or estrogens, which can contaminate surrounding waterways. In the present study, surface stream water was collected from 6 basins containing livestock farming operations. Aqueous concentrations of 12 hormones were determined via chemical analyses. Relative androgenic and estrogenic activity was measured using in vitro cell assays (MDA-kb2 and T47D-Kbluc assays, respectively). In parallel, 48-h static-renewal in vivo exposures were conducted to examine potential endocrine-disrupting effects in fathead minnows. Mature fish were exposed to surface water dilutions (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and 10-ng/L of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol or 50-ng/L of 17 beta-trenbolone as positive controls. Hepatic expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor a mRNA, gonadal ex vivo testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol production, and plasma vitellogenin concentrations were examined. Potentially estrogenic and androgenic steroids were detected at low nanogram per liter concentrations. In vitro estrogenic activity was detected in all samples, whereas androgenic activity was detected in only 1 sample. In vivo exposures to the surface water had no significant dose-dependent effect on any of the biological endpoints, with the exception of increased male testosterone production in 1 exposure. The present study, which combines analytical chemistry measurements, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures, highlights the integrated value and future use of a combination of techniques to obtain a comprehensive characterization of an environmental chemical mixture. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33: 1849-1857. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

关键词： 有机波谱分析   教学改革   多媒体教学  

摘要： 简要介绍了有机波谱分析化学课程的内容及原理,详细阐述了在该课程教学中进行的4个方面的改革。

关键词： 分析化学   教学方法   三教合一  

摘要： 大学教育注重素质培养,结合分析化学的特点,通过互动启发、情境导入、碰触拓展等形式的变化,创新性地提出一个将基础理论教学、实验方法教学和实践体验教学三点糅合在一起的教学模式,使学生获得学习-创造过程的立体感受,从而为其独立思考和创造性解决问题夯实基础。