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关键词： 分析化学   生命科学  

摘要： 随着纳米材料、膜材料、有机功能材料、离子液体,以及光电技术、计算机科学的发展,分析化学在色谱、质谱、光谱、电分析等各分支领域都取得了重要进展。当然,分析化学的发展也有力地推动了我国的生命科学、材料科学、医学、生态与环境化学、矿产、食品安全等许多领域和学科的发展和进步。近年来,我国分析化学学科在与生命科学的学科交叉研究十分活跃,主要集中在蛋白质组学、代谢组学、金属组学中的新分析方法和新分析技术,例如纳米生物技术、生物传感器、微流控系统与芯片技术等,取得了一大批重要的研究成果。此外,针对食品安全、生态环境监测、药品检测、流行疾病应急响应等人们关注的热点开发了许多新的实用技术与方法;在大中型分析仪器的研发方面也取得喜人的进步。共引用97篇参考文献。

关键词： 化学分组实验   仪器药品   实验管理  

摘要： 分组实验是化学实验中的一种主要实验方式,在这类实验中,实验人员不可避免地要用到各种仪器设备与化学药品。这些仪器和药品中有相当一部分是易损品和危险药品,在使用时如果不加注意,很有可能造成人身伤害或财产损失。因此实验管理者务必要加强对实验仪器与实验药品的管理,令化学的分组实验能够顺利进行。

关键词： 分析化学   色谱分析   实验教学   中药  

摘要： 为了提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,在药学专业分析化学实验教学中,开设"中药色谱分析综合实验"创新课程。该综合实验以解决中药分析的相关问题为目的,结合教学组在中药质量控制等领域内的研究成果,合理进行教学内容设计。实验以中药栀子为研究对象,综合柱色谱、薄层色谱、高效液相色谱和气相色谱四种色谱实验技术,对栀子中的环烯醚萜苷类有效部位进行分离纯化、定性和定量分析。以上实验教学,不仅对学生进行了基本实验技能训练,而且有效的训练学生的科研思维,提升了学生综合运用知识的实践能力,全面培养学生药物分析专业思想和综合素质,为今后专业课程的学习奠定基础。

关键词： 教、做一体化   高校   分析化学  

摘要： 《分析化学》是高校化工化学类专业重要的专业基础课程,具有很强的实践性和理论性,需要教、做结合。本文通过高校在进行《分析化学》授课时所存在的问题,探讨在高校《分析化学》教学中实现教、做一体化的有效对策,希望对当前教育有所帮助。

关键词： ANALYTICAL chemistry -- Study & teaching   ORGANIC chemistry -- Study & teaching (Higher)   PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry   STUDY & teaching (Higher)  

摘要： While there are references to the practice of chemical analysis in ancient Chinese times, the modern system of analytical chemistry was introduced into China in the late 19th century. Thanks to the Chinese chemist Shou Xu, who translated several chemical books from western countries, including two important books on analytical chemistry: Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis [1] and Quantitative Chemical Analysis [2]. The Chinese titles of the translated books were HUAXUE KAOZHI and HUAXUE QIUSHU. These two books, together with other books translated later by Chinese scientists, became the key textbooks for chemical analysis. For a long time, however, all textbooks related to the analytical chemistry in China were translated from western countries. Almost no textbooks on analytical chemistry were written by Chinese professors until the 1930s.

关键词： Chemical fingerprinting   Tussilago farfara   Hierarchical clustering analysis   Characteristic peaks  

摘要： The aim of this study was to establish a method for extraction and chemically fingerprinting of extracts of Tussilago farfara and to apply this method to 12 T. farfara samples collected from different regions in China. RP-HPLC with gradient elution was performed on rutin. Comparing with the chromatograms, it showed that the samples were divided into two groups. Thirteen characteristic peaks were found in the extracts of all samples. Peak at retention time of 17.45 min was identified as rutin. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed the similar results as the visual comparison. The RP-HPLC method allowed it simple to identify and compare T. farfara. This was the first report on hierarchical clustering analysis of T. farfara.

关键词： analytical methods   ethyl carbamate   formation pathways   genotoxicity   mitigation strategies  

摘要： Ethyl carbamate (EC) commonly found in fermented beverages has been verified to be a multisite carcinogen in experimental animals. EC was upgraded to Group 2A by the Intl. Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2007, which indicates that EC is a probable carcinogen to humans. Because of its threat to human safety, the presence of EC may be a big challenge in the alcoholic beverage industry. During the past few years, thorough and systematic research has been carried out in terms of the generation of EC in order to meet the allowed limitation levels in fermented beverages. Previous studies have indicated that EC primarily results from the reaction of ethanol and compounds containing carbamyl groups. These main EC precursors are commonly generated from arginine metabolism by Saccharomyces cerevisiae or lactic acid bacteria accompanied by the fermentation process. This review comprehensively summarizes the genotoxicity, analytical methods, formation pathways, and removal strategies of EC in various beverages. The article also presents the metabolic mechanism of EC precursors and pertinent metabolites, such as urea, citrulline, and arginine.

关键词： Dijkstra's algorithm   motifs   protein networks   VMD  

摘要： In this article, we propose a method for locating functionally relevant chemical motifs in protein structures. The chemical motifs can be a small group of residues or structure protein fragments with highly conserved properties that have important biological functions. However, the detection of chemical motifs is rather difficult because they often consist of a set of amino acid residues separated by long, variable regions, and they only come together to form a functional group when the protein is folded into its three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, the assemblage of these residues is often dependent on non-covalent interactions among the constituent amino acids that are difficult to detect or visualize. To simplify the analysis of these chemical motifs and give access to a generalized use for all users, we developed chem-path-tracker. This software is a VMD plug-in that allows the user to highlight and reveal potential chemical motifs requiring only a few selections. The analysis is based on atoms/residues pair distances applying a modified version of Dijkstra's algorithm, and it makes possible to monitor the distances of a large pathway, even during a molecular dynamics simulation. This tool turned out to be very useful, fast, and user-friendly in the performed tests. The chem-path-tracker package is distributed as an independent platform and can be found at http://***/PortoBioComp/database/***?id=chem-path-tracker.

关键词： Second-Year Undergraduate   Analytical Chemistry   Laboratory Instruction   Hands-On Learning/Manipulatives   Acid Base   Titration/Volumetric Analysis  

摘要： The formation and the hydrolysis of organic salts produced by the titration of a 0.1 M solution of the following amines: methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, ethyl-, diethyl-, and triethylarnine with a 0.1 M solution of acetic, chloroacetic, and dichloracetic acids are studied. The pK(b) of the amine and the pH at the end point were determined for each reaction from the corresponding titration curve. The experimentally determined values were in very good agreement with the literature and calculated values. The salt formation constants (K-sf) for acetate and mono- and dichloroacetate salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary methyl- and ethylamines were also determined. The conclusions were as follows: (1) the pH at the end point decreased as the strength of the titrating acid increased, (2) the stronger the amine base, the higher the pH at the end point, and (3) the K-sf increased with increasing acid and base strength.

关键词： 分析化学   课程改革   课程体系   课程标准  

摘要： 化工印染行业发展,需要大批分析检验人才,分析化学课程以往的教学方法,已不能满足行业企业对人才培养的需求。针对《分析化学》课程教学中存在的问题,通过重构课程体系、制定课程标准、实施分层级教学、创新教学方法、建立评价体系、编写项目化教材等措施,在课程改革方面进行有益探索和实践。