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关键词： 免疫学   学科:医学专科学校   学科:教材   病原微生物   微生物学  

ISBN: (纸本)7117000775

摘要： Serological relatedness of ribosomes from microorganisms of the Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Corynebacterium genera was analyzed by the microplate immunodiffusion technique. Mycobacterium and Nocardia were homegeneous and closely related taxa, whereas Corynebacterium was a heterogeneous phylum connected by remote links to the others. The taxonomic position of diphtheroid microorganisms (non-acid fast, gram-positive bacteria morphologically similar to corynebacteria), which were found together with M. leprae in human leprosy lesions, was also investigated. Hibosomes of diphtheroid bacteria strongly cross-reacted with antisera against several mycobacteria and nocardiae but not against corynebacteria. Ribosomes from independently isolated diphtheroid strains were serologically related and yielded strong cross-reactions with antisera against M. leprae and with sera from leprosy patients. Hence, diphtheroid microorganisms represent a homogeneous group immunologically related to mycobacteria in general and more specifically to M. leprae.

摘要： Various immunological parameters were measured in serum, middle ear fluid (MEF), and lymphocytes from peripheral blood and MEF of infants with acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae. Approximately half of 131 patients had IgE specific antibody to the infecting bacterium as determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique. Seventy-one percent of these IgE positive patients had IgE specific antibody in the MEF. Total IgE concentration was found to be from an average of 1.5 to 3.0 times higher in the MEF when compared to the simultaneously drawn serum. In addition, antibody to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides and to pneumococcal C-carbohydrate was demonstrated in the MEF by radioimmunoassay. When MEF specific antibody was compared to serum antibody it appeared that antibody to C-carbohydrate was more concentrated in the MEF. That this antibody was of the IgE class was suggested by IFA but not conclusively proven. Evidence exists that conditions for enhanced IgE synthesis is concomitantly associated with a decrease in T-cell activity. T-cell function in MEF derived lymphocytes as determined by rosette formation and by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation was approximately one-tenth that of the peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, that T-cells may participate in the immune response to polysaccharides was suggested by the observation that polysaccharide stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from infants immunized with octavalent pneumococcal capsular vaccine underwent protein synthesis two to three times that of the PHA stimulated cells. The clinical significance of this finding as well as the nature of the cell responsible for the increased protein synthesis remains to be established. It is hypothesized that acute otitis media results from local synthesis of bacteria specific IgE antibody which is enhanced by a paucity of local T-cell activity.

摘要： The properties of Rickettsia rickettsii purified from infected chicken yolk sacs or mouse L cell cultures by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in a zonal rotor were examined in various ways. Rickettsiae derived from both L cells and yolk sacs had similar compositions: about 12% nitrogen, 1.5% phosphorus, 5% carbohydrate, and 30% fatty acids. On a dry-weight basis, purified rickettsiae were at least 2,000 times as effective as a commercial spotted fever vaccine in protecting guinea pigs against infection with spotted fever rickettsiae and mice against death from toxin of R. rickettsii. Gradient-purified rickettsiae (0.6 μg) induced a serological response in guinea pigs of the same magnitude as that stimulated by 1,600 μg of the commercial vaccine. Gradient-purified rickettsiae had little group reactivity in complement fixation tests but became anti-complementary upon storage. Microagglutination and hemagglutination tests with the purified antigen gave promise of usefulness in diagnosis of spotted fever. These results suggest that zonal centrifugation may be a valuable procedure for the preparation of R. rickettsii vaccine and diagnostic reagent.

摘要： Adjuvant activity of oral microorganisms on the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells was investigated in mice by the direct antibody plaque technique at 2, 4 and 6 days after immunization. An adjuvant effect was detected on day 2 with Veillonella alcalescens, Fusobacterium fusiforme and Bacteroides melaninogenicus, and a weaker effect was found with the same organisms on day 4. Actinomyces viscosus showed an adjuvant effect on day 2 only, whilst Streptococcus mutans had no effect at any time. None of the organisms had any effect on the antibody responses on day 6. Adjuvant effect on the cell-mediated immune response to bovine serum albumin was assayed in guinea pigs by skin, corneal and macrophage migration inhibition tests. An enhanced cell-mediated response was not found with V. alcalescens, F. fusiforme or Strep. mutans. With B. melaninogenicus and A. viscosus, an adjuvant effect was detected by skin and corneal tests, but not by the migration inhibition test.

关键词： 生物科学   微生物学   微生物生理学  

ISBN: (纸本)13010·734

摘要： 巴甫洛夫对于疾病原因和实验治疗的观念为微生物学和免疫学的基础

关键词： 医药、卫生   基础医学