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关键词： 生物统计学   学习通   线上线下混合式教学   教学改革  

摘要： 生物统计学是农学专业一门重要的专业基础课。为顺应时代发展,改变传统教学模式,本文基于学习通平台,从课前准备、课中教学、课后巩固、考核等方面对生物统计学进行线上线下混合式教学改革,构建生物统计学线上线下混合教学模式,将线上学习与线下学习有机融合,激发学生的学习兴趣,锻炼统计思维能力,培养学生独立分析和解决实际问题的能力,有效提升生物统计学的教学质量和效果。

关键词： 算术平均数   统计名词   卡方检验   相对危险度   F检验   统计学符号   t检验   中位数  

摘要： 有关统计学符号的使用,请按国家标准GB3358-829《统计名词及符号》规定。样本的算术平均数用小写x^(-),不用大写X,也不用M(以免与中位数M混淆);标准差用s,而不用SD;标准误用s^(-)_(x),不用SE,也不用SEM;t检验用小写t;F检验用大写F;卡方检验用希腊文小写χ^(2);相关系数用英文小写r;自由度用希腊文小写υ;样本数用英文小写n;相对危险度用OR;概率用大写P;概率数值用小数表示,不用百分数。请作者在投稿时注意。

关键词： 算术平均数   检验值   卡方检验   F检验   英文大写   希文   t检验   统计学符号  

摘要： 按照国家标准GB3358-82《统计学名词及符号》的有关规定书写,常用如下:(1)样本的算术平均数用英文小写 (中位数仍用M);(2)标准差用英文小写s;(3)标准误用英文小写Sx;(4)t检验用英文小写t;(5)F检验用英文大写F;(6)卡方检验用希文小写χ^2;(7)相关系数用英文小写r;(8)自由度用希文小写μ;(9)概率用英文大写P(P值前应给出具体检验值,如t值、χ^2值、q值等)。以上符号均用斜体。

关键词： “互联网+”   统计学专业   实践教学平台  

摘要： “互联网+”时代为统计学专业实践教学搭建了智慧型平台。当下，很多高校统计学专业实践教学仍以课堂为主，理论知识偏多，实践技能训练不足，人才培养模式难以契合地方经济产业用人需求。要充分重视互联网、大数据优势，以优化和改进实践教学模式。如引入微课教学，增加统计学专业软件实训课时，构建校内实践教学平台，拓展校外实践基地等，提升学生实践学习主动性和学习效率。

摘要： Understanding the interplay between ecological and population genetic processes through space and time is a central goal of landscape genetics. However, most studies that place diversification dynamics in an ecological context have focused on vertebrates, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of the effects of ecosystem change on community composition and demography of invertebrates. In the East African Rift System, cichlid fishes have emerged as a powerful model system for understanding adaptive radiation (Kornfield & Smith, 2000), but few studies have examined diversification of other taxa. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Van Bocxlaer et al. (2020) use landscape genetic approaches to model historical demography and diversification of viviparid gastropods in the Lake Victoria ecoregion. They show that while phylogeographic patterns are similar between the two, viviparids and cichlids have responded in very different ways to the climatic upheavals of the Pleistocene and that their responses have been at least partially asynchronous. Viviparids have experienced population collapse 30- to 50-fold more severe than that seen in haplochromine cichlids from the region, and population declines began 100K years earlier, prior to the last glacial maximum (similar to 15,000-18,000 years ago). Their results reveal a new facet to the profound and lasting impacts of Pleistocene climate change on the modern fauna of the Lake Victoria ecoregion and its ability to respond to current human-mediated stressors.

关键词： R&D-based growth   Overlapping generations   Endogenous fertility   Population level   Wealth dilution  

摘要： Demographic forces are crucial drivers of macroeconomic performance. Yet, existing theories do not allow demography to respond to fundamentals and policies while determining key macroeconomic variables. We build a model of endogenous interactions between fertility and innovation-led productivity growth that delivers empirically consistent co-movements of population, income and wealth. Wealth dilution and wage dynamics stabilize population through non-Malthusian forces;demography determines the ratios of labor income and consumption to financial wealth. Shocks that reduce population size, like immigration barriers, reduce permanently the labor share and the mass of firms, creating prolonged stagnation and substantial intergenerational redistribution of income and welfare. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 统计学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787300286921

摘要： 本书首先介绍统计量的概念及其性质, 在此基础上介绍经典统计的两个重要内容, 参数估计和假设检验, 将其作为统计研究问题中的两个例子, 介绍统计研究方法的重要思想。之后介绍统计决策与贝叶斯方法。最后介绍基于再抽样和数据重利用的统计方法与理论。本书的每个小节后面都有批判性思考题目, 目的是引起讨论、启发思考。每章的最后一节介绍了与本章知识点相关的R语言操作, 包括本书介绍的各种方法的计算机实现, 以及使用统计模拟来辅助各种方法的更深入理解等。

关键词： Juveniles   Immatures   Young   Life tables   Survivorship   Mortality   Ontogeny   Development   Deevey  

摘要： Of all the properties of individual animals of interest to comparative physiologists, age and stage of development are among the most consequential. In a natural population of any species, the survivorship curve is an important determinant of the relative abundances of ages and stages of development. Demography, thus, has significant implications for the study of comparative physiology. When Edward Deevey published his influential summary of survivorship in animal populations in the wild seven decades ago, he emphasized "serious deficiencies" because survivorship curves for natural populations at the time did not include data on the earliest life stages. Such data have accumulated over intervening years. We survey, for the first time, empirical knowledge of early-age survivorship in populations of most major animal groups in a state of nature. Despite wide variation, it is almost universally true that > 50% of newly born or hatched individuals die before the onset of sexual maturity, even in species commonly assumed to exhibit high early-age survivorship. These demographic facts are important considerations for studies in comparative and environmental physiology whether physiologists (i) aim to elucidate function throughout the life cycle, including both early stages and adults, or (ii) focus on adults (in which case early-age survivorship can potentially affect adult characteristics through selection or epigenesis). We establish that Deevey's Type I curve (which applies to species with relatively limited early mortality) has few or no actual analogs in the real, natural world.

关键词： Population decline   Inbreeding depression   Dispersal   Gene flow   Effective population size  

摘要： Understanding the mechanisms underlying population decline is a critical challenge for conservation biologists. Both deterministic (e.g. habitat loss, fragmentation, and Allee effect) and stochastic (i.e. demographic and environmental stochasticity) demographic processes are involved in population decline. Simultaneously, a decrease of population size has far-reaching consequences for genetics of populations by increasing the risk of inbreeding and the strength of genetic drift, which together inevitably results in a loss of genetic diversity and a reduced effective population size (N-e). These genetic factors may retroactively affect vital rates (a phenomenon coined 'inbreeding depression'), reduce population growth, and accelerate demographic decline. To date, most studies that have examined the demographic and genetic processes driving the decline of wild populations have neglected their spatial structure. In this study, we examined demographic and genetic factors involved in the decline of a spatially structured population of a lekking bird, the western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus). To address this issue, we collected capture-recapture and genetic data over a 6-years period in the Vosges Mountains (France). Our study showed that the population of T. urogallus experienced a severe decline between 2010 and 2015. We did not detect any Allee effect on survival and recruitment. By contrast, individuals of both sexes dispersed to avoid small subpopulations, thus suggesting a potential behavioral response to a mate finding Allee effect. In parallel to this demographic decline, the population showed low levels of genetic diversity, high inbreeding and low effective population sizes at both subpopulation and population levels. Despite this, we did not detect evidence of inbreeding depression: neither adult survival nor recruitment were affected by individual inbreeding level. Our study underlines the benefit from combining demographic and genetic approaches to investi

关键词： 统计学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787121401220

摘要： 本书根据统计工作过程设计了八个教学项目，分别为认识统计、统计调查、统计整理、统计描述、时间数列分析、统计指数分析、抽样推断分析、相关与回归分析。每个项目均以案例引入开始，通过分析、解决案例中的问题来完成对项目知识的学习。对于主要的统计方法，都以简单的统计软件Excel做了操作演示，不仅能够培养学生应用统计方法的能力，而且有助于提高学生的计算机应用能力，实现学生在校学习与实际统计工作的无缝对接。