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关键词： 药物监测   合理用药   临床药理学  

关键词： CAS 79794-75-5   CAS 100643-71-8   Claritin (R)   desloratadine, antihistaminic activity, preclinical studies   loratadine  

摘要： Desloratadine (descarboethoxyloratadine, CAS 100643-71-8) is an active metabolite of loratadine (CAS 79794-75-5) that exhibits qualitatively similar pharmacodynamic activity with a relative oral potency in animals 2.5-4 times greater than loratadine. Its antihistaminic effect lasts 24 h. Desloratadine was shown to be a selective H-1 antagonist with more potent antihistaminic activity in vitro than either loratadine or terfenadine (CAS 50679-08-8), as indicated by its displacement of H-3-mepyramine from H-1 receptors in rat brain, guinea pig brain, and guinea pig lung, and by its antagonism of histamine-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum. Antihistaminic activity and anitallergic effects also were observed in vivo. After oral administration, desloratadine was 2.5 to 4 times more potent than loratadine in protecting against histamine-induced lethality in the guinea pig and paw edema in the mouse;after topical administration, it was almost 10 times more potent in antagonizing histamine-induced increases in nasal microvascular permeability in the guinea pig. Histamine-induced changes in pulmonary resistance and compliance were also prevented by oral administration of desloratadine and loratadine in the monkey. An oral antiallergic effect was demonstrated by important reductions of acute bronchospasm in the allergic monkey and potent inhibition of allergic cough in the guinea pig. These preclinical studies provide evidence that desloratadine is an antihistaminic agent with a greater potency than loratadine and, together with results from numerous published studies, suggest an antiallergic effect of desloratadine.

关键词： 医学院校   临床药理学   药效学   药理学   高等教育  

关键词： 临床药理学   药理作用   动态试验   医药品   历史性   综述   作用机理   医科   临床试验   药物  

摘要： 0035261 药理学综述的50年:历史性回顾/Stitzel RE∥Pharmacol Rev.-1999,51(1).-3～6 医科情0035262 临床药理学和非临床试验数据评价[日]/内田英二∥日药理志.-1999,113(1).-47～54 冀医情0035263 药物动态试验[日]/大野泰雄∥日药理志.-1999,113(1).

关键词： 临床药理学   药理学教学   教学内容   药效学   药动学  

关键词： .International Union   units in Clinical   Pharmacology and Toxicology   Federation of Clinical   Appl Chem   Prepared for publication  

摘要： The term designating a substance being an active ingredient of a drug may be a generic name, a nonproprietary name, a registered trade name, a fantasy name, or other. This causes difficulties in the transmission of requests and reports on properties for such substances in biological fluids to and from the clinical laboratories, and in the collating of this information from different sources. The document comprises a list of properties of drugs in biological fluids for use in electronic transmission systems. Systematic names an presented together with a code value for each.

关键词： 毛细管区带电泳   药物代谢   药物治疗学   临床药理学  

摘要： 介绍了毛细管区带电泳(capillaryzoneelectrophoresis,CZE)的原理 ,以及CZE在药物治疗浓度监测、代谢性疾病的诊断、药物及其代谢产物在体内代谢等方面的应用,并简要地讨论了CZE在药理学及临床医学中的应用前景。

关键词： 青藏高原   生物转化   临床药理学  

摘要： 随着医疗模式的转化即由公式化转向个体化治疗，个体对药物反应的差异性越来越受到人们的重视。国际著名临床药理学家C·T·Dollery教授在“中国临床药理学一根据英国的经验提供一些建议”一文中提出“为何看起来类似的个体却对同一药物的同一剂量，同一给药途经有如此不同的反应，从遗传和环境影响寻找对这些问题的解释已是现代药理学中最令人关注的一个研究课题。”[1]可见遗传因素和环境因素是同一药物在不同个体间药理效应产生差异性的主要原因。人体中个体间药理效应差异性的研究属于临床药理学研究的范畴，而临床药理学的研究内容包括临床药物代谢动力学研究（药物在正常人体和有病人体内的吸收、分布、代谢即生物转化、排泄）；临床药物效应动力学研究；毒理学研究；临床试用研究；药物相互作用研究。[2]本文主要从环境因素与遗传因素对药物代谢（生物转化）的影响分析了青藏高原开展临床药理学研究的重要性及用药注意事项。

关键词： 环氧化酶-2抑制剂   西利科斯   药物动力学   临床药理学  

摘要： 西利科斯(celecoxib)是新一代非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs),化学名:4[5-(4-甲基苯基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]苯磺酰胺,系吡唑衍生物,具有选择性抑制环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX -2 )的作用,用于治疗骨关节炎(OA)和类风湿性关节炎(RA).临床研究表明,西利科斯的抗炎、镇痛作用似双氯芬酸钠、萘普生,但胃肠耐受性好,无传统NSAIDs的致胃肠道溃疡、出血和抗血小板聚集的作用.1998年 12月 1日经美国关节炎咨询委员会推荐,同月31日FDA批准用于OA和RA的治疗.其结构式如下:

关键词： 临床药理学   治疗学   药物代谢   分子机制   基础研究   医科   药理学研究   新药   血清素   受体  

摘要： 0003420 来自美国临床药理学会的报告/Shepherd AM//Clin Pharmacol Ther.-1999,65(4).-355～356 医科情0003421 美国临床药理学和治疗学100年年会/Edwards DJ//Clin Pharmacol Ther.-1999,65(2).-117～234 医科情0003422 在新药意识方面的基础研究[俄]/.-1998,76(12).-4～9 友谊医0003423 药物代谢的分子机制[日]/泷川一//现代医疗.-1998,30(8).-49～54