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关键词： equity   governance   baobab   Nagoya Protocol   access and benefit sharing   Pelargonium sidoides   sustainability  

摘要： Concerns about ecological sustainability and inequality are driving increased formalization of the natural product trade, including both biotrade of bulk, raw materials (or nontimber forest products [NTFPs]) and bioprospecting for genetic resources. However, there has been little interrogation as to whether the policy tools used to achieve sustainability and equity goals are appropriate and effective. This article addresses this gap by examining efforts to formalize biotrade, including the blurred regulatory lines that increasingly exist between biotrade and bioprospecting. Two case studies are explored from southern Africa-baobab and Pelargonium. Findings emphasize the unintended consequences that can arise from overregulation and poorly formulated laws, including the further marginalization of women and/or poor communities;elite capture;weakening small businesses;and leakage across political boundaries. Conclusions underpin the need to pursue solutions that are better informed and more respectful of local knowledge and needs, and that draw upon both customary and statutory laws and institutions.

关键词： illegal logging   NTFPs   elite capture   development and environment   artisanal mining   formalization   fisheries   natural resource governance   land tenure   FLEGT   informal sector  

摘要： Responding to multiple problems affecting governance of natural resource access and trade, governments implement formalization processes, often driven by the interests of development agencies. In so doing, they interact with the contemporary political, social, and environmental contexts in which resources are extracted, produced, and traded. They also contend with histories of ownership, access rights, market configurations, and practices attached to resources and the lands in which they are located. As development policy, formalization frequently materializes as top-down restructuring based on current social and environmental norms. However, its adoption is often unsuccessful and entails risks including leakage, barriers to small or poor actors, elite capture, and negative effects on women or marginalized groups. The insights herein are informative to current processes of formalization associated with the European Union (EU) timber trade regime and other resource governance efforts. At the minimum, incorporation of adaptive approaches and user-accountable monitoring in such processes are recommended.

关键词： legality   illegal logging   Indonesia   SVLK   voluntary partnership agreement  

摘要： This article reviews the Indonesian central government's efforts to regulate logging activities in historical perspective to draw lessons for the new timber legality verification system called SVLK. It shows that throughout history, illegal logging networks have been a fixture in Indonesia's forestry sector and that the involvement of local and national power holders has given logging activities a formal backing. The SVLK is expected to help improve forest governance, but since it is primarily an administrative tool there is a risk that preexisting trends and practices will continue. This underlines the need for anticorruption measures and independent monitoring to make the legality adherence system more robust and reliable.

关键词： 小微企业   所得税   组织形式  

摘要： 小微企业在推动我国社会经济发展过程中发挥着日益重要的作用。我国相继出台了一系列扶持小微企业发展的财税政策,然而现阶段,小微企业的所得税优惠政策还仅限于缴纳企业所得税的法人型小型微利企业,对于缴纳个人所得税的个体工商户、个人独资企业和合伙企业等非法人型的小微企业缺乏考虑。本文对小微企业所得税存在的问题进行分析,并提出扩大小微企业所得税税收优惠幅度和范围、完善适合非法人型小微企业的所得税优惠制度等具体建议。

关键词： ARCS模式   形式与政策   课程   教学  

摘要： 高校形势与政策课程教学中运用ARCS模式,教师应通过新颖的教学方法来启发学生的兴趣,提高学生的重视程度并帮助学生明确奋斗目标,同时对学生给予积极的鼓励,以提高学生的学习动机。

关键词： Spatiality   Creative economy   Intermediation   Regions   Economic imaginary   L14   R11  

摘要： Taylor C. Between culture, policy and industry: modalities of intermediation in the creative economy, Regional Studies. The creative economy has become one of the most internationally pervasive prescriptions for the future of regional spatial economies. Accounts of its characteristics and typical ways of working have pointed to the importance of intermediary agents. Intermediation in the creative economy has, however, been comparatively under-theorized. This paper aims to address this gap by focusing on the topic of intermediary efficacy, that is, by what powers does intermediation bring about effects both for and in the creative economy? It argues that a fuller account of intermediation needs to encompass its three principal modalities: the transactional, the regulatory and the strategic.

关键词： Policy change   Strategic plan   Mono-modal metaphor   Mono-modal metonymy   Multimodal metaphor   Multimodal metonymy  

摘要： The article is about policy change, which consists in re-branding King Saud University (KSU) vis-a-vis its own KSU2030 Strategic Plan through metaphoric and metonymic ads. In particular, re-branding is done via mono-modal and multimodal metaphors and metonymies as instruments to revamp academic policies, practices, and mentalities. The findings of this article not only ascertain the role of mono-modal and multimodal metaphors and metonymies in policy change and the role of pictorial display (PD) in enhancing linguistic material (LM), but also show how all the ads contribute to the metaphoric scenario, PURPOSEFUL ACTIVITY IS MOTION TOWARD A DESTINATION, which has the form of SOURCE-PATH-GOAL schema, with the SOURCE being KSU2030 strategic plan, the PATH attaining international leadership and excellence, and the GOAL building a knowledge-based society. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 形式与政策教育   教学主体   教学内容   教学方法  

摘要： 形式政策课是高校大学生的一门必修课，是思想政治教育的重要组成部分，针对目前高校形式与政策课教学的现状和实际问题，从教学主体、教学内容、教学方式方法进行了课程改革方面的探索。

关键词： 经济形势   宏观经济政策抉择   研究  

摘要： 就目前来看,我国的经济形势呈现出速度较快、物价较为平稳、效益较好的良好发展态势,经济增长的稳定性显著增强,各阶段的经济目标均得到了圆满完成。但现阶段经济运行中仍然存在投资需求紧张、发展滞后、进出口贸易失衡等众多问题,经济形势仍不容乐观。本文对当前经济形势的特点以及当前经济形势下宏观经济政策抉择措施等问题作了详细的分析和系统的阐述。