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关键词： 集体林区   林地使用权   政策   流转形式   机制  

摘要： 文章介绍了集体林区林地使用权流转的政策进程,解析了集体林地使用权一级流转形式即家庭承包、招标承包、拍卖、租赁、股份合作、反租倒包等,以及农户林地使用权二级流转的主要形式即转让、转包、出租、互换、入股、抵押、托管等,并针对林地使用权流转过程中存在的一些主要问题,提出了四大机制体系构建设想：林地使用权流转评估机制以确保流转主体理性参与流转;林地使用权流转交易机制以确保流转主体顺畅参与流转;林地使用权流转管理机制以确保流转主体规范参与流转;林地使用权激励机制促进农户积极参与流转。

关键词： Freight movement policy   Energy and emissions   Modal choice   Supply chain   Input-output analysis  

摘要： This paper estimates the total embodied energy and emissions modal freight requirements across the supply chain for each of over 400 sectors using Bureau of Transportation Statistics Commodity Flow Survey data and Bureau of Economic Analysis economic input-output tables for 2002. Across all sectors, direct domestic truck and rail transportation are similar in magnitude for embodied freight transportation of goods and services in terms of ton-km. However, the sectors differ significantly in energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs per ton-km. Recent pressure to reduce energy consumption and emissions has motivated a search for more efficient freight mode choices. One solution would be to shift freight transportation away from modes that require more energy and emit more (e.g., truck) to modes that consume and emit less (e.g., rail and water). Our results show there are no individual sectors for which targeting changes would significantly decrease the total freight transportation energy and emissions, therefore we have also looked at the prospect of policies encouraging many sectors to shift modes. There are four scenarios analyzed: (1) shifting all truck to rail, shifting top 20% sector mode choice, (2) based on their emissions, (3) based on a multi-attribute analysis, and (4) increasing truck efficiency (e.g., mpg). Increasing truck efficiency by 10% results in similar energy and emissions reductions (approximately 7% for energy and 6% for emissions) as targeting the top 20% of sectors when selected based on emissions, whereas selecting the top 20% based on availability to shift from truck results in slightly less reductions of energy and emissions. Implementing policies to encourage higher efficiency in freight trucks may be a sufficient short term goal while efforts to reduce truck freight transportation through sectoral policies are implemented in the long term. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 公共政策   公民参与   公民参与形式   公民参与形式选择  

摘要： 公民参与公共政策制定的重大价值功能已为人们所认识,这些价值功能的实现程度要受多种因素影响,公民参与形式无疑是其重要因素之一。当前的公民参与形式主要有公民调查、公民会议、听证会、专家咨询、恳谈会、关键公众接触、由公民发起的接触、旁听、网络参与。从必要性、主动性、代表性、公平性、有序性和时效性维度来分析公民参与形式,有助于公共政策制定中正确地选择公民参与形式,增强公民参与效果。

关键词： 少年儿童   食品安全   对外交流   优势   载体   创新   年会   导向  

摘要： 孩子是祖国的未来，未来我们国家繁荣昌盛要靠代代人的血脉传承。关心青少年儿童的健康成长犹如关注我国未来经济发展建设的基石，而保障我国青少年儿童食品安全是利在千秋的大事。

关键词： 形势与政策课   课程教学   思想政治理论课   优秀课程   终身受益   课程建设   如何教   大学生   组成   弱点   盲点   高校  

摘要： 形势与政策课是高校思想政治理论课的重要组成部分,但由于形势与政策课程与其他四门思想政治理论课的不同特点,决定它在课程建设上存在一定的难点、弱点和盲点.如何教好形式与政策课,如何把形式与政策课建设成为大学生真心喜爱、终身受益的优秀课程,亟待我们对形势与政策课的课程教学进行有益的探索.

关键词： policy   mobility   translation   meetings   documents  

摘要： When we think of policy as mobile, what is it we think is moving? Asking after the mobility of policy is important not least for the ontological questions it raises: what is policy such that it moves? Ordinarily, we might think of policy as existing in time and space while, given certain conditions, some policies move from one time and/or space to another. This paper, by contrast, begins by describing policy as resulting from movement, setting out a model or heuristic which takes its mobility as prior to its existence. For policy is made in communicative interaction, both oral (in meetings) and textual (in documents). We might think of it in wave form, which helps to explain both its mobility and its mutability. The paper illustrates this conception in a study of WHO activity in respect of mental health in Europe, exploring aspects of translation-understood as the generation of messages in interaction-and of iteration, as those messages are reformulated and repeated in different contexts. The policy concept reverberates, and it is in this way that collective sense is consolidated and reproduced.

关键词： democracy   culture   policy   cultural policy  

摘要： The forms that are adopted to give practical meaning to democracy are assessed to identify what their implications are for the production of public policies in general and cultural policies in particular. A comparison of direct, representative, democratic elitist and deliberative versions of democracy identifies clear differences between them in terms of policy form and democratic practice. Further elaboration of these differences and their consequences are identified as areas for further research.

关键词： 教学内容   教学方法  

摘要： 结合“形式与政策”学科特色，提出了“形式与政策”课堂教学内容体系，构建课堂讲授、专题讲座、案例分析、研讨等多种的课堂教学方法。