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关键词： informal sector   enterprise development   enterprise culture   entrepreneurs   shadow economy   undeclared work  

摘要： It is now recognized that many entrepreneurs operate wholly or partially in the informal economy. Harnessing this hidden enterprise culture by facilitating its formalization is therefore a potentially effective and innovative means of promoting economic development and growth. To start evaluating how this might be achieved, the aim of this paper is to understand entrepreneurs' motives for operating in the informal economy so as to identify the public policy interventions required to facilitate the formalization of this hidden enterprise culture. Reporting a survey of 51 nascent entrepreneurs in North Nottinghamshire, of which 43 were operating in the informal economy, the finding is that entrepreneurs' rationales for working informally differ according to both whether they operate wholly in the informal economy or have registered enterprises but trade partially off-the-books, as well as whether they view themselves as on a journey towards formalization or not. Different policy measures are therefore required to tackle each type of informal entrepreneurship. The outcome is a tentative call for a more nuanced and bespoke policy approach for tackling the different kinds of informal entrepreneurship that comprise the hidden enterprise culture.

关键词： 词汇复现   衔接   口译  

摘要： 词汇复现是词汇衔接的一种模式,它通过语篇内各词汇项间的逻辑语义关系,把语篇构建成一个衔接连贯的语义整体。新闻语篇作为一种特殊的语类,词汇复现在英汉语篇中的有不同的体现。本文以"2011杨洁篪外长就中国外交政策和对外关系答记者问"为例就新闻语篇的词汇衔接进行了个案分析,探讨了词汇衔接的形式和功能以及如何实现词汇复现在英汉新闻语篇口译的对等转换。

关键词： binary logit   cordon pricing   parking cost   mode choice   tourists behaviour  

摘要： The second largest holy city of the world, Mashhad, attracts high volumes of tourists and pilgrims every year. Most visitors travel by private car and are a source of considerable funds for the local economy. Among road users, tourists as one of the major traveller categories in Mashhad city behave differently due to the particular trip purpose. The aim of this research is to model tourist's shifting modes of travel behaviour when policy measures, such as the parking and cordon fares, are implemented. The tourists' preferences were examined using binary logit analysis when different options of travel cost and time scenarios were provided. Results indicate that travel time, parking cost, cordon cost, education level and vehicle price influence tourist's modal choice. In addition, the finding shows that congestion pricing will be more effective than a parking pricing strategy in encouraging switching of modes.

关键词： 大学生   形势与政策   时机   创新  

摘要： "形势与政策"教育教学具有意识形态的一贯性、现实生活的变动性和施教育人的指向性相统一的特点。当代大学生对国际国内形势与政策的了解途径、关注方式和感受特点等方面呈现出一定的规律性。根据大学生对"形势与政策"的认知状况,把握时机,创新形式开展教育。提高"形势与政策"教育教学的感染力和实效性,是社会主义大学的本质要求,也是目前我国高校所要亟待解决的问题。

关键词： family language policy   emotion   coping   defence immigrant  

摘要： Family language policy (FLP), like language policies in general, includes aspects of practice, management and ideology. But FLP is often affected by and affects emotional issues and psychological dimensions that are seldom acknowledged as central in the analysis of such policies. Relying on a psychoanalytic theoretical framework, this article suggests a re-conceptualisation of FLP, analysing it in terms of its coping and defence functions. The article elaborates on ways that language policies in the immigrant family may reflect the way the family system perceives external reality and internal states, consciously or unconsciously, and utilise their language policy to affect its well-being. This re-conceptualisation may help to clarify the centrality of emotional aspects within FLPs, including their unconscious, defensive and adaptive roles.

关键词： 高校   形势政策   改革   现状  

摘要： 《形势与政策》课作为当今高校开设的一门必修课,对学生形势与政策教育的作用是显而易见的,它起到了其它课程所不可取代的作用。但对形势与政策教育的重要性和必要性认识有部分高校和部门还不够到位,缺乏具体落实措施,致使形势与政策教育教学的效果大打折扣。因此高校形势与政策课的改革是必要的。

关键词： 民营资本   私募股权基金   有限合伙法   律建议  

摘要： 本文在比较公司制与有限合伙制私慕股权基金的优缺点的基础上,考虑江苏省民营资本的特点,认为有限合伙制是江苏民营资本参与私募股权基金的有效形式;并针对目前江苏省有限合伙制私募股权基金发展的法律困境,从地方政府的角度提出几点法律建议。

关键词： EMERGENCY management   MANAGEMENT   HEALTH   NATURAL disasters  

摘要： Disaster preparedness is a comparative advantage of the Department of Defense (DoD) in the global health arena. It is in line with the domestic interest of sustaining foreign natural disaster assistance and the foreign policy interest of maintaining national security. The DoD humanitarian assistance policy guidance published in 2009 states Disaster Preparedness should be considered as a key priority in humanitarian assistance engagement. Unfortunately, a whole of government disaster preparedness program framework does not exist to facilitate effective and efficient implementation. Leveraging the United Nations Hyogo Framework for Action agreed upon by 168 nations to take action and reduce disaster risk by 2015, the DoD could synchronize disaster preparedness efforts with other interagency and international partners. Increased civilian-military cooperation in disaster risk reduction supports the whole of government approach to work in a more coherent manner in pursuit of shared foreign policy goals. It also maximizes the ability to deliver critical national capacity in the health sector and beyond. Disaster preparedness is an essential element of U.S. global health and foreign policy, and the DoD must be a critical partner in a whole of government approach.