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关键词： 公民网络参与   公共政策制定   影响  

摘要： 随着信息技术的发展,公民通过网络参与公共政策的制定已经逐渐成为现实.公民通过网络对社会问题和公共政策发表意见,并以这种新途径参与政府公共政策的制定.公民网络参与有其特有的优越性,但也存在许多不完善的地方,如何规范公民网络参与,使其为公共政策的制定提供正确有效的帮助是当前公共管理者值得研究的问题.

关键词： 形式   事实   价值   评估标准  

摘要： 公共政策评估标准是开展公共政策评估活动的基本前提和依据;公共政策评估标准的科学体系中至少应包括三个维度:形式维度:公共政策的形式合法性;事实维度:公共政策结果的有效性;价值维度:公共政策价值的合理性。这三个方面既相互依存、相互配合,又相互区别、不能混淆,共同构成一个三位一体的逻辑体系。

关键词： Neighbourhoods   Urban form   Obesity   Obesogenic   Food environments  

摘要： There is a growing body of research, which suggests that many contemporary urban environments do not support healthy lifestyle choices and are implicated in the obesity pandemic. This paper reviews the evidence from this field in relation to theory, policy and practice, from three different disciplinary perspectives: urban design, geography and public health nutrition. In the UK, our development has been higher density and our urban form more varied, yet the paper concludes that it still may be making a contribution to our own obesity crisis. The dynamics of this, however, are highly complex and currently little understood. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Intermodal transport policies   Location analysis   GIS network model  

摘要： Intermodal transport is the combination and integration of several transport modes (such as rail, inland waterways with road transport). In order to make the transhipment easy and efficient standard loading units are used, such as containers or swap-bodies. As for the main haul, more environmental friendly modes are used (rail and inland waterways) and a modal shift towards these modes can help in reducing the congestion. Therefore several policies are directed to stimulate the intermodal transport market. In this paper, a location analysis model for Belgian intermodal terminals (LAMBIT) is developed and used to assess different policy measures in Belgium. The simulations show that the different policy measures oriented towards the rail/road and inland waterways/road combinations should be incorporated in a coherent, integrated vision, in order to not create a modal shift between the different intermodal transport options. The methodology can easily be extended towards a European scale. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 创业投资   信托型   税收   财政收入   合伙企业   合伙制企业   普通合伙人   开放式证券投资基金   有限合伙型   投资额   合伙事务   债务承担   债务转移  

摘要： 创业投资的主要对象是科技型中小企业,促进创业投资发展对鼓励科技型中小企业发展、提高自主创新能力和增强科技成果转化能力具有极其重要的作用。

关键词： 住宅形式   住房政策   北京   城市建设   VS   空间   社区   记忆性  

摘要： "以古为镜,可以知兴替;以人为镜,可以明得失"。北京半个世纪以来的城市建设带给世界一个个惊叹之余也遗留下了诸多隐患。与迅速发生着巨变的生活相比较,城市外在形态的"记忆性"具有更鲜明的文化命题的实质与实践性意义。从理论上讲,最好的城市应该是属于"生长型",而不是"拼装型"的,它要求城市与所处的环境完好融和,与历史的内在精神紧密衔接,并在形式上有所继承和发展。很遗憾,一直以来我们的城市建设都处于盲从或人为掌控的被动局面之中。在"世界建筑实验场"的指责下,我们需要从级数增长的建设膨胀中暂时抽离出来,理性而冷静地将北京这个特定地区的生长融入到全球化的进程中,在价值预期的基础上为自身发展寻找一条经得起实践检验的指导原则。"城市比较"专栏旨在通过北京与一系列相关城市、不同侧面的相似性与差异性的比较,剖析我们的城市建设可能存在的问题,为北京的城市发展选择一条健康、和谐、可持续的成长之道。

关键词： Risks   Benefits   Regulations   Policy   Scientists   Survey   Nanoscale science and engineering   ELSI  

摘要： Even though there is a high degree of scientific uncertainty about the risks of nanotechnology, many scholars have argued that policy-making cannot be placed on hold until risk assessments are complete (Faunce, Med J Aust 186(4):189-191, 2007;Kuzma, J Nanopart Res 9(1):165-182, 2007;O'Brien and Cummins, Hum Ecol Risk Assess 14(3):568-592, 2008;Powell et al., Environ Manag 42(3):426-443, 2008). In the absence of risk assessment data, decision makers often rely on scientists' input about risks and regulation to make policy decisions. The research we present here goes beyond the earlier descriptive studies about nanotechnology regulation to explore the heuristics that the leading U.S. nanoscientists use when they make policy decisions about regulating nanotechnology. In particular, we explore the relationship between nanoscientists' risk and benefit perceptions and their support for nanotech regulation. We conclude that nanoscientists are more supportive of regulating nanotechnology when they perceive higher levels of risks;yet, their perceived benefits about nanotechnology do not significantly impact their support for nanotech regulation. We also find some gender and disciplinary differences among the nanoscientists. Males are less supportive of nanotech regulation than their female peers and materials scientists are more supportive of nanotechnology regulation than scientists in other fields. Lastly, our findings illustrate that the leading U.S. nanoscientists see the areas of surveillance/privacy, human enhancement, medicine, and environment as the nanotech application areas that are most in need of new regulations.

关键词： 农产品市场化   农业合作组织   市场风险   政府政策  

摘要： 农产品进入市场的途径有两条:一是单个农户或农民进入市场;二是农户以组织的形式进入市场。单个农户进入市场受到诸多因素的限制,要承担较大的市场风险。农业生产组织分为两类:一类为他组织形式;另一类为自组织形式。后者是农户自身为治理的主体、"利益共享、风险共担"的生产组织。自组织形式将是我国农业经济组织今后发展的主导方向。这是因为,自组织在诸多方面都存在着明显的优势。当然,组织本身也存在不可忽视与小农经营方式有关的缺陷,这要求农户+农户的自组织模式的发展需要政府作为外部的支持力量存在,这有别于此前农业经济组织的政府干预模式。

关键词： 农村党员干部   农民   惠农政策   中国教育电视台   现代远程教育   制作理念   政策解读   《决定》  

摘要： 《农村新视野》是中宣部委托中国教育电视台制作的一档政策解读栏目，其目标是把中共中央十七届三中全会《决定》中的内容准确、生动地传达给广大农民，让农民能够看得懂、用得上，开拓新视野。“为农民做节目，跟农民说话”是《农村新视野》栏目的指导思想和制作理念。半年来，该栏目通过中国教育电视台一频道和全国农村党员干部现代远程教育专用频道覆盖神州大地，成为广大农民兄弟及时了解党的政策的窗口。

关键词： URBAN planning   URBAN ecology (Biology)   ECONOMIC development   TECHNOLOGICAL innovations   ENERGY policy  

摘要： Not enough has been written about the import, adaptation, and application of urban environmental and planning policies from abroad into the United States. Even less has been written about the voluntary cross-national transfer and application of environmental policies by American subnational actors and institutions. It is our intent to begin redressing this by discussing the transfer of urban environmental and planning policies from Germany to the United States during the early part of the 21st century. This discussion is informed by data drawn from governmental reports and planning statements and over thirty-five interviews with US urban environmental and planning practitioners operating in Germany and the United States. What we discover is that, unlike more rational models of policy transfer, the voluntary importation of environmental and planning policies into the US is seldom a problem-focused, goal-oriented process. Rather, what we rind is that a better depiction of the transfer and adoption process is of a relatively anarchic situation. This appears to occur due to a range of institutional and cultural filters that predispose American policy makers against gathering (and using) information and experiences from abroad. We find that this filtering process tends to encourage policy makers to discount (or reject outright) the usefulness of overseas models and that, when they do engage in this process, any information gathered appears to be based less upon well-researched and analyzed data than embedded 'tacit' knowledge.