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关键词： Transport policy   Track and Trace   Mobile phone data   Mobility profile   Big Data  

摘要： High quality, reliable data and robust models are central to the development and appraisal of transportation planning and policy. Although conventional data may offer good 'content', it is widely observed that it lacks context i.e. who and why people are travelling. Transportation modelling has developed within these boundaries, with implications for the planning, design and management of transportation systems and policy-making. This paper establishes the potential of passively collected GPS-based "Track & Trace" (T&T) datasets of individual mobility profiles towards enhancing transportation modelling and policy-making. T&T is a type of New and Emerging Data Form (NEDF), lying within the broader 'Big Data' paradigm, and is typically collected using mobile phone sensors and related technologies. These capture highly grained mobility content and can be linked to the phone owner/user behavioural choices and other individual context. Our meta-analysis of existing literature related to spatio-temporal mobile phone data demonstrates that NEDF's, and in particular T&T data, have had little mention to date within an applied transportation planning and policy context. We thus establish there is an opportunity for policy-makers, transportation modellers, researchers and a wide range of stakeholders to collaborate in developing new analytic approaches, revise existing models and build the skills and related capacity needed to lever greatest value from the data, as well as to adopt new business models that could revolutionise citizen participation in policy-making. This is of particular importance due to the growing awareness in many countries for a need to develop and monitor efficient cross-sectoral policies to deliver sustainable communities.

关键词： Science   Education   Industry 4   0   University in the form 4   0   Intellectual capital   Human intellect   AI   Organization   Automatization   Public policy   I21   I23   I25   O15   O31   O32   O33   O34   O38  

摘要： Purpose The purpose of the paper is to develop a concept of organization of the system of science and education in the form 4.0 based on human and artificial intellectual capital. Design/methodology/approach The methods of regression and correlation analysis are used. The role of human and artificial intellectual capital for provision of effectiveness and competitiveness of the system of science and education is determined, as well as its correspondence to the modern challenges. Analysis of perspectives and limitations of automatization of the system of science and education based on AI is conducted;a model of organization of the system of science and education in the form 4.0 based on human and artificial intellectual capital is compiled. Findings It is established that in the system of science and education, the decisive production factor is intellectual capital, but human intellect does not necessarily have to dominate in its structure. AI is one of the most popular technologies of Industry 4.0 in the system of science and education, which has wide perspectives of practical implementation. As experience of the leading world universities, which had the highest level of digitization in 2018, showed, foundation on non-breakthrough digital technologies (computer equipment and Internet) does not allow opening the potential of increase of indicators of effectiveness and competitiveness of the system of science and education and bringing it in correspondence to the modern challenges based on digitization. However, correlation of activity of application of artificial intellectual capital with these indicators is four times higher (0.2), as compared to correlation of these indicators with activity of application of human intellectual capital (0.05). This shows demand for digitization of the system of science and education, but based on breakthrough digital technologies, of which AI should become the key one. Originality/value It is substantiated that higher education coul

关键词： 哲学基础   实践形式   政策科学  

摘要： 随着社会政策学科的蓬勃发展,作为衡量社会政策实践效果的政策评估愈益受到重视,并成为政策科学的主要研究议题之一。而这之中,不同的哲学取向是社会政策产生多种评估形式的基本原因。日渐多元的评估实践不仅丰富了社会政策的评估类型,而且以"倒逼"方式提升了政策的执行效力。复杂的政策环境、宏观政治结构等因素会影响社会政策的评估结果,但这一交互融合过程也会促使政策参与者开展政策学习与政策合作,最终推动政策的落实和政策科学的发展。

关键词： 政策试点   村民自治   乡村基层治理   村民理事会   顶层设计  

摘要： 从2014年到2019年,以村民小组或自然村为基本单元的村民自治试点进入国家的顶层设计但又最终淡出,其背后具有深层次的政策逻辑。实证研究发现,该项政策试点表现出明显的阶段性特征:第一阶段,广东清远进行关于"村民自治重心下移"的地方预先自主试验;第二阶段,中央政府在总结清远经验的基础上进行政策调试和试点铺开,将试点核心内容由"在村民小组或自然村建村民委员会"转向"村民小组或自然村建村民理事会等组织",实现全国性的地区试验扩散;第三阶段,中央政府根据政策试点的反馈以决定政策维系或是中断。研究表明,铺开后的政策试点涌现出一系列的组织性难题,影响着政策创新的治理效能和扩散能力,导致该项政策最终淡出中央的顶层设计。汲取试点经验,应在组织能力建设和组织功能发挥等方面对政策试点不断进行优化,继续深入探索村民自治的有效实现形式。

关键词： Anchor   Cervical laminoplasty   Network meta-analysis   Suture suspensory   Titanium plate  

摘要： Three fixation modalities including suture suspensory, anchor, and titanium plate are used extensively in unilateral open-door cervical laminoplasty. Nevertheless, up to now no systematic review and network meta-analysis have been published, and the differences in efficacy and safety of the three fixation modalities are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of the three fixation modalities including suture suspensory, anchor, and titanium plate in unilateral open-door cervical laminoplasty. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies which compared the three interventions in unilateral open-door cervical laminoplasty were identified using the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Wanfang data. Network meta-analysis was performed using R 3.4.3 software and STATA version 14.0. The results revealed that compared with suture suspensory, titanium plate and anchor showed the same effects in Japanese Orthopedic Association Scores, operative time, and blood loss. However, titanium plate showed superiority in postoperative range of motion of cervical spine, incidence of axial symptoms, and C5 paralysis;in terms of cervical curvature, titanium plate also showed better effectiveness than suture suspensory, but similar as anchor. Our network meta-analysis suggests that titanium plate is preferable to suture suspensory or anchor with more range of motion and lower incidence of axial symptoms and C5 paralysis. However, considering the limitations of this research, high-quality trials are needed in the future to evaluate the outcomes.

关键词： Conditionality   homelessness   Housing First   housing policy   translation   assemblage  

摘要： Despite widespread enthusiasm for Housing First approaches to addressing homelessness, conditional models of support that require 'housing readiness' persist in many jurisdictions. Existing research cites an ongoing commitment to conditionality amongst homelessness services providers as a key reason for its persistence. In this paper, we argue that State housing policies also play an important role in perpetuating conditionality in the homelessness sector. Drawing on research carried out in an Australian jurisdiction, we show how policies regarding the supply and allocation of social housing compel homelessness service providers-including Housing First services-to employ conditionality practices. We also demonstrate the detrimental impact this has on the housing outcomes of homelessness people with complex needs. We conclude that our findings challenge the claim made by some that Housing First constitutes a 'paradigm shift', and instead highlight the complex processes of policy translation and assemblage that shape the adaptation of Housing First in different contexts.

关键词： 思想政治理论课   形式与政策   教学改革  

摘要： 深入开展思想政治理论课的教学改革工作,是高校贯彻落实立德树人根本任务重要举措。本文以内蒙古医科大学在教学改革中的探索为例,就《形势与政策》课程教学现状以及存在问题进行原因分析,提出教学改革的路径。

关键词： 新媒体   形式与政策   教学策略  

摘要： 新媒体是信息社会发展到一定阶段的产物,随着现代互联网技术的发展,新媒体各种功能逐渐完善,成为信息传播的重要方式,大学生是新媒体使用最广泛的群体,对大学生思想价值观的形成有着重要的影响,本文针对新媒体背景下高职“形势与政策”思想政治教育发展现状,结合新媒体相关特征,提出形式与政策教学策略,从根本上提高大学生综合素养。

关键词： Cost-effectiveness   Economic burden   End-stage renal disease   Peritoneal dialysis first   Dialysis   Nocturnal home haemodialysis  

摘要： Background This study aimed to determine the lifetime cost-effectiveness of first-line dialysis modalities for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients under the "Peritoneal Dialysis First" policy. Methods Lifetime cost-effectiveness analyses from both healthcare provider and societal perspectives were performed using Markov modelling by simulating at age 60. Empirical data on costs and health utility scores collected from our studies were combined with published data on health state transitions and survival data to estimate the lifetime cost, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and cost-effectiveness of three competing dialysis modalities: peritoneal dialysis (PD), hospital-based haemodialysis (HD) and nocturnal home HD. Results For cost-effectiveness analysis over a lifetime horizon from the perspective of healthcare provider, hospital-based HD group (lifetime cost USD$142,389;6.58 QALYs) was dominated by the PD group (USD$76,915;7.13 QALYs). Home-based HD had the highest effectiveness (8.37 QALYs) but with higher cost (USD$97,917) than the PD group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was USD$16,934 per QALY gained for home-based HD over PD. From the societal perspective, the results were similar and the ICER was USD$1195 per QALY gained for home-based HD over PD. Both ICERs fell within the acceptable thresholds. Changes in model parameters via sensitivity analyses had a minimal impact on ICER values. Conclusions This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of dialysis modalities and service delivery models for ESRD patients under "Peritoneal Dialysis First" policy. For both healthcare provider and societal perspectives, PD as first-line dialysis modality was cost-saving relative to hospital-based HD, supporting the existing PD First or favoured policy. When compared with PD, Nocturnal home Home-based HD was considered a cost-effective first-line dialysis modality for ESRD patients.

关键词： 青年政策   内涵意蕴   历史演进   表现形式   发展展望  

摘要： 青年群体是社会主体构成的重要单元,是国家发展和民族进步的新锐力量。青年政策是青年群体成长与发展的方向指引和行动指南。中国共产党的青年政策是马克思主义基本原理同中国青年发展的具体实践相结合产生的理论成果,是马克思主义青年思想在当代中国的重大现实应用,是中国共产党引导青年成长和开展青年工作的重要表现形式。中国共产党自创立伊始即高度重视青年和青年工作,相继领导制定和出台了一系列青年政策。对党的各个历史阶段的青年政策加以细致梳理和归纳,探究其中蕴含的演进逻辑与机理,总结其中反映的指导原则和现实启示,对新时代制定青年政策、开展青年工作、引导青年成长有着十分重要的意义。