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关键词： 医药分开   药房托管   医药卫生体制改革  

摘要： 梳理1997—2013年我国医药分开政策的发展历程,并从2014年以来我国不同省份的医药分开改革试点中归纳分析主流形式及其影响,进而针对医药分开政策提出改革建议与展望。

关键词： transnational restaurants   food and beverage   product profiles   portions   healthy diet  

摘要： Transnational restaurant chains sell food and beverage products in 75 to 139 countries worldwide linked to obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study examined whether transnational restaurant chains reformulated products and standardized portions aligned with healthy dietary guidelines and criteria. Firstly, we describe the transnational restaurant industry structure and eating trends. Secondly, we summarize results from a scoping review of healthy dietary guidelines for restaurants. Thirdly, we describe a systematic review of five electronic databases (2000-2018) to identify studies on nutrient profile and portion size changes made by transnational restaurants over 18 years. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, identified 179 records, and included 50 studies conducted in 30 countries across six regions. The scoping review found a few expert-recommended targets for restaurants to improve offerings, but no internationally accepted standard for portions or serving sizes. The systematic review results showed no standardized assessment methods or metrics to evaluate transnational chain restaurants' practices to improve menu offerings. There was wide variation within and across countries, regions, firms, and chains to reduce energy, saturated and trans fats, sodium, and standardized portions. These results may inform future research and encourage transnational chain restaurants to offer healthy product profiles and standardized portions to reduce obesity and NCD risks worldwide.

关键词： 农民工政策   公平性   协商对话   社会公平   公共行政   利益保护  

摘要： 公平是农民工政策的基本议题,但发展主义逻辑导向的经济话语制度性地简约了农民工政策的公平价值意蕴,带来公平性隐缺问题。农民工政策创立中的少数人对话是理解公平性隐缺问题的关键,这种对话形式使决策主体以发展主义话语合法地将农民工政策物化为促进城市化发展的政策工具,既引致公平价值出现隐缺问题,又使公平性形式化问题合法化建构。因而,有必要通过重复性的协商式对话实践,促使政府从公正的角度去认识公平与效率的关系问题,不断调适政府的管理主义思维并向实质社会公平靠拢,重塑政策应有的品格精神与伦理意蕴,让作为社会最少受惠者的农民工的尊严与利益得到有效维护与增进。

关键词： 高校   形式与政策   实效性  

摘要： 我国大部分的高校在教学过程中只重视专业技能较强的科目的学习,《形式与政策》这种思想政治类的科目的学习不被学校、教师和学生重视。学习《形式与政策》有利于高校学生对我国当下的政治形势和社会发展的了解,也有利于学生爱国主义的形成,但是在我国经济高速发展的情况下,学生精神的培养被学校所忽略,这种现象不利于学生德智体美的全面发展。

关键词： 服务业   产业融合   制造业服务化   服务型制造   高质量发展  

摘要： 产业融合和不同产业之间日益模糊的物理界限,是现代经济发展的突出特征之一。本文以高质量发展为背景,总结归纳了中国服务融合的主要表现形式,并就中国与OECD国家生产性服务业与传统制造业正反向融合度进行了测算,比较了世界主要经济体在促进服务融合方面的战略措施。研究发现:中国服务融合主要体现在现代农业、制造业服务化和服务型制造、服务业数字化转型等三个方面;中国制造业与服务业正反向融合度都显著低于OECD国家,在2005—2014年期间,中国制造业融合发展指数下降,但服务融合指数与OECD差距在逐渐缩小;政府出面建立服务融合所需的基础性设施是国际通行做法。据此,本文提出了重点推动生产性服务业与三次产业融合发展、协同推动“中国制造”和“中国服务”战略、把高水平开放作为服务融合和高质量发展的关键举措等政策建议。

关键词： 移民政策   范围   价值   形式  

摘要： 当代中国尚无独立明确的移民政策。立法机关赋予国家移民管理局“协调拟定移民政策并组织实施”的职责,将移民政策的拟定提上议事日程。我国移民政策在调整范围上,应当涵盖移民输出政策和移民输入政策;在价值取向上,应当坚持促进发展、维护安全、保障人权和增进融合并重;在表现形式上,应当在完善移民法律法规的同时,尽快制定一部相对全面的移民政策白皮书。

关键词： social policy by other means   comparative welfare state research   social policy   welfare state   regulation   forbearance   state capacity  

摘要： The goal of this special issue is to highlight the importance of unconventional social policies, theorize their development in comparison with traditional welfare state accounts and outline a new research agenda. In this introduction to the special issue, the editors present the concept of social policy by other means as encompassing two kinds of unconventional social policy (from the point of view of mainstream comparative research): First, functional equivalents to formal systems of social protection and, second, non-state provision of benefits. The concept builds upon a sizeable, but fragmented literature in comparative welfare state research. While numerous examples demonstrate that social policy by other means is more pervasive in both OECD and non-OECD countries than often acknowledged, a brief survey of the top 20 articles in the field reveals that this fact is not sufficiently reflected in the academic literature. With reference to both existing studies and the contributions to this special issue, the editors go on to explore (1) the different forms of social policy by other means, (2) explanatory theories and (3) their effectiveness in terms of social outcomes. They close by outlining a research agenda.

关键词： Sulphur Emission Control Areas   Short sea shipping   Maritime emissions   Modal shifts   Transport policy  

摘要： The 0.1% limit in sulphur content within Sulphur Emission Control Areas as of 1st January 2015 requires that ship operators either use pricier ultra-low sulphur fuel oil, or alternatively install abatement technologies through substantial capital investments. A part of the resulting higher operating costs are passed on to shippers resulting in increased freight rates. These may lead to modal shifts towards rail or road options competing with Ro-Ro operators. Due to the unexpectedly low fuel prices in the period 2014-2016, Ro-Ro operators were relatively unharmed by the new limits, but nascent research has shown that if fuel prices increase some Ro-Ro services may not survive. This paper examines a set of policy options that can mitigate or reverse the negative effects of the low-sulphur regulation. The measures include internalizing external costs of transport, repaying fuel surcharges to shippers, subsidizing technological investments of ship operators, or increasing the landbased costs of transport via levies. To compare their efficacy, total costs are calculated for each measure. The results show that the proposed measures can successfully reduce the negative effects of the regulation but this would entail significant costs. A combination of subsidies towards shippers and ship operators is shown to be effective at reversing potential modal shifts and can be crucial in case of high fuel prices in the near future. The findings of this work can assist operators to develop new strategies and improve the resilience of their network, and regulators designing environmental policies that may have negative implications on certain sectors.

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