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关键词： Class label altering fuzzy min max neural   network   FMM network   Pattern classification   Hyperbox classifier   Histopathology image  

摘要： Hyperbox classifier is efficiently implemented using fuzzy min max neural network, where the input patterns present in the training phase place a vital role. In the training phase, a set of hyperboxes are constructed which are used to classify a testing pattern. A better selection of input patterns of the training set will generate an efficient set of hyperboxes. Inappropriate selection of training samples leads to an erroneous set of hyperboxes, which will degrade the accuracy rate. Therefore, instead of using a single training set an extra training set, secondary training set, may be used to reshuffle the hyperboxes generated during the primary training set. In this paper, we have used a secondary training set to update the hyperboxes generated during the primary training phase. When a secondary training set is used, two cases are arised. First, change the class label of some inefficient hyperboxes created during the primary training phase. Second, fix the class label of efficient hyperboxes to the class allotted during the primary training set. By using the above secondary training set mechanism, a novel class label altering fuzzy min max (CLAFMM) network is proposed to alter the class labels depending on the secondary training set. Experimental results prove that the proposed approach provides more accuracy rate than the FMM, Enhanced FMM and K-nearest FMM. Simultaneously, the proposed approach reduces the complexity of the network by reducing the number of hyperboxes generated by the above said state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method is also applied to the breast cancer histopathological images to identify the best magnifying factor for classification.

摘要： Rationale. Pathological cardiac remodeling serves as a vital mechanism during the progression from myocardial infarction (MI) to chronic heart failure (CHF). Nobiletin (NOB), an active monomer extracted from the peel of citrus fruit, has been reported to have beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. Our study was aimed at describing the specific mechanisms through which NOB protects against pathological cardiac remodeling after MI. Materials and Methods. C57BL/6 mice were treated with coronary artery ligation to generate an MI model, followed by treatment for 3 weeks with NOB (50 mg/kg/d) or vehicle (50 mg/kg/d), with or without the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) inhibitor T0070907 (1 mg/kg/d). Cardiac function (echocardiography, survival rate, Evans blue, and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining), fibrosis (Masson's trichrome staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot (WB)), hypertrophy (haematoxylin-eosin staining, wheat germ agglutinin staining, and qRT-PCR), and apoptosis (WB and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining) were evaluated. Hypoxia-induced apoptosis (TUNEL, WB) and phenylephrine- (PE-) induced pathological hypertrophy (immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR) models were established in primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). The effects of NOB with or without T0070907 were examined for the expression of PPAR gamma and PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1 alpha) by WB in mice and NRVMs. The potential downstream effectors of PPAR gamma were further analyzed by WB in mice. Results. Following MI in mice, NOB intervention enhanced cardiac function across three predominant dimensions of pathological cardiac remodeling, which reflected in decreasing cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy decompensation. NOB intervention also alleviated apoptosis and hypertrophy in NRVMs. NOB intervention upregulated PPAR gamma and PGC1 alp

关键词： Alcohol use   depression   institutional betrayal   journalists   PTSD   world assumptions  

摘要： Journalists are often exposed to potentially traumatic content through their profession. High levels of exposure have been found to predict high levels of psychopathology among journalists, including posttraumatic stress, alcohol use, and depressive symptoms. Predictors of such outcomes have not been extensively investigated. The current study assessed the roles of world views, institutional betrayal, and work-related trauma exposure on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol use, and depression. One hundred and fifteen journalists completed the online study and a portion subsequently completed a phone clinical interview. Greater exposure to work-related trauma was positively correlated with PTSD. Regression analyzes revealed that experiences of institutional betrayal moderated the relationship between shattered world assumptions and PTSD and alcohol use, but not depression. Specifically, among individuals who reported greater institutional betrayal, the relationship between benevolence of the world and PTSD and alcohol use was stronger. Results highlight the role of organizational factors in exacerbating symptoms of pathology. Implications include conducting research on micro- and macro-level factors that contribute to pathology in this group. Recommendations include destigmatizing disclosure of psychological needs to editors and news agencies, introducing more trainings for journalists and editorial staff focused on trauma, mental health, and how to improve and maintain psychological well-being.

关键词： 高校   课程思政   农业病理学  

摘要： 在高校落实立德树人、实现全方位育人的目标中,将课程思政理念融入专业课程具有深刻的现实意义.本文从教学目标、教学内容和教学方法案探讨了如何将思政元素融入到《农业病理学》教学过程中.

关键词： histological subtype   COVID-19   pathological features   large cohort   morphology  

摘要： Background: Autopsies on COVID-19 deceased patients have many limitations due to necessary epidemiologic and preventative measures. The ongoing pandemic has caused a significant strain on healthcare systems and is being extensively studied around the world. Clinical data does not always corelate with post-mortem findings. The goal of our study was to find pathognomonic factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in 100 post-mortem full body autopsies. Materials and Methods: Following necessary safety protocol, we performed 100 autopsies on patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 related death. The macroscopic and microscopic pathologies were evaluated along with clinical and laboratory findings. Results: Extensive coagulopathic changes are seen throughout the bodies of diseased patients. Diffuse alveolar damage is pathognomonic of COVID-19 viral pneumonia, and is the leading cause of lethal outcome in younger patients. Extrapulmonary pathology is predominantly seen in the liver and spleen. Intravascular thrombosis is often widespread and signs of septic shock are often present. Conclusion: The described pathological manifestations of COVID-19 in deceased patients are an insight into the main mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 associated lethal outcome. The disease bears no obvious bias in severity, but seems to be more severe in some patients, hinting at genetic or epigenetic factors at play.

关键词： Nanoparticles (NPs)   Rare earth elements (REEs)   Bioremediation   Genetic markers   Earthworm  

摘要： The massive application of rare earth elements (REEs) in electronic industries cause their inevitable release into the environment;however, its effects on soil biota remain largely unaddressed. We investigated the E. fetida detoxification potential of nano and bulk La2O3 and Yb2O3 and their potential impact on biochemical and genetic markers at 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg kg- 1 concentration. We found that earthworms bioremediate 3-15% La2O3 and Yb2O3 contaminated soil at low and medium levels, while this potential was limited at higher levels. Nano and bulk La2O3 and Yb2O3 treatment induced neurotoxicity in earthworm by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase by 49-65% and 22-36% at 500 and 1000 mg kg- 1, respectively. Nano La2O3 proved to be highly detrimental, mainly through oxidative stress and subsequent failure of antioxidant system. Nano La2O3 and Yb2O3 at 100 mg kg- 1 significantly down-regulated the expression of annetocin mRNA in the parental and progeny earthworms by 50% and 20%, which is crucial for earthworm reproduction. Similarly, expression level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and metallothionein was significantly upregulated in both generations at medium exposure level. Histological observations showed that nano REEs at 200 mg kg- 1 induced drastic changes in the intestinal epithelium and typhlosole of E. fetida. To date, our results enhance the understanding of interaction between REEs and earthworms.

关键词： huntingtin   Huntington's disease   polyglutamine expansion   cryoelectron microscopy   crosslinking   mass spectrometry   huntingtin-associated protein 40   HAP40   cryo-EM   polyQ  

摘要： The abnormal amplification of a CAG repeat in the gene coding for huntingtin (HTT) leads to Huntington's disease (HD). At the protein level, this translates into the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch located at the HTT N terminus, which renders HTT aggregation prone by unknown mechanisms. Here we investigated the effects of polyQ expansion on HTT in a complex with its stabilizing interaction partner huntingtin-associated protein 40 (HAP40). Surprisingly, our comprehensive biophysical, crosslinking mass spectrometry and cryo-EM experiments revealed no major differences in the conformation of HTT-HAP40 complexes of various polyQ length, including 17QHTT-HAP40 (wild type), 46QHTT-HAP40 (typical polyQ length in HD patients), and 128QHTT-HAP40 (extreme polyQ length). Thus, HTT polyQ expansion does not alter the global conformation of HTT when associated with HAP40.

关键词： adipocyte hypertrophy   fibrosis   obesity-mediated adipose tissue remodeling   tissue-resident macrophages   vascular integrity  

摘要： Tissue-resident macrophages in white adipose tissue (WAT) dynamically adapt to the metabolic changes of their microenvironment that are often induced by excess energy intake. Currently, the exact contribution of these macrophages in obesity-driven WAT remodeling remains controversial. Here, using a transgenic CD169-DTR mouse strain, we provide new insights into the interplay between CD169(+) adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and their surrounding WAT microenvironment. Using targeted in vivo ATM ablation followed by transcriptional and metabolic WAT profiling, we found that ATMs protect WAT from the excessive pathological remodeling that occurs during obesity. As obesity progresses, ATMs control not only vascular integrity, adipocyte function, and lipid and metabolic derangements but also extracellular matrix accumulation and resultant fibrosis in the WAT. The protective role of ATMs during obesity-driven WAT dysfunction supports the notion that ATMs represent friends, rather than foes, as has previously assumed.

关键词： endocannabinoid   COX-2   2-AG   AEA   postictal hypoxia   seizure   prostaglandin   MAGL   PGE2   EP1  

摘要： The brain's endocannabinoid system is a powerful controller of neurotransmitter release, shaping synaptic communication under physiological and pathological conditions. However, our understanding of endocannabinoid signaling in vivo is limited by the inability to measure their changes at timescales commensurate with the high lability of lipid signals, leaving fundamental questions of whether, how, and which endocannabinoids fluctuate with neural activity unresolved. Using novel imaging approaches in awake behaving mice, we now demonstrate that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, not anandamide, is dynamically coupled to hippocampal neural activity with high spatiotemporal specificity. Furthermore, we show that seizures amplify the physiological endocannabinoid increase by orders of magnitude and drive the downstream synthesis of vasoactive prostaglandins that culminate in a prolonged stroke-like event. These results shed new light on normal and pathological endocannabinoid signaling in vivo.

摘要： Objective To assess and compare demographic, clinical, neuroimaging, and pathologic characteristics of a cohort of patients with right hemisphere-predominant vs left hemisphere-predominant logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA). Methods This is a case-control study of patients with LPA who were prospectively followed at Mayo Clinic and underwent [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET scan. Patients were classified as rLPA if right temporal lobe metabolism was >= 1 SD lower than left temporal lobe metabolism. Patients with rLPA were frequency-matched 3:1 to typical left-predominant LPA based on degree of asymmetry and severity of temporal lobe metabolism. Patients were compared on clinical, imaging (MRI, FDG-PET, beta-amyloid, and tau-PET), and pathologic characteristics. Results Of 103 prospectively recruited patients with LPA, 8 (4 female) were classified as rLPA (7.8%);all patients with rLPA were right-handed. Patients with rLPA had milder aphasia based on the Western Aphasia Battery-Aphasia Quotient (p = 0.04) and less frequent phonologic errors (p = 0.015). Patients with rLPA had shorter survival compared to typical LPA: hazard ratio 4.0 (1.2-12.9), p = 0.02. There were no other differences in demographics, handedness, genetics, or neurologic or neuropsychological tests. Compared to the 24 frequency-matched patients with typical LPA, patients with rLPA showed greater frontotemporal hypometabolism of the nondominant hemisphere on FDG-PET and less atrophy in amygdala and hippocampus of the dominant hemisphere. Autopsy evaluation revealed a similar distribution of pathologic findings in both groups, with Alzheimer disease pathologic changes being the most frequent pathology. Conclusions rLPA is associated with less severe aphasia but has shorter survival from reported symptom onset than typical LPA, possibly related to greater involvement of the nondominant hemisphere.