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关键词： Particle production   Higgs bosons   Tau leptons   Hadron colliders  

摘要： Measurements of the inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections of the Higgs boson are presented, using the τ lepton decay channel. The differential cross sections are measured as functions of the Higgs boson transverse momentum, jet multiplicity, and transverse momentum of the leading jet in the event, if any. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. These are the first differential measurements of the Higgs boson cross section in the final state of two τ leptons. In final states with a large jet multiplicity or with a Lorentz-boosted Higgs boson, these measurements constitute a significant improvement over measurements performed in other final states.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2   type I IFNs   immunotherapy   antiviral  

摘要： Type I interferons (IFN-I) exert pleiotropic biological effects during viral infections, balancing virus control versus immune-mediated pathologies, and have been successfully employed for the treatment of viral diseases. Humans express 12 IFN-alpha (alpha) subtypes, which activate downstream signaling cascades and result in distinct patterns of immune responses and differential antiviral responses. Inborn errors in IFN-I immunity and the presence of anti-IFN auto antibodies account for very severe courses of COVID-19;therefore, early administration of IFN-I may be protective against life threatening disease. Here we comprehensively analyzed the antiviral activity of all IFN alpha subtypes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to identify the underlying immune signatures and explore their therapeutic potential. Prophylaxis of primary human airway epithelial cells (hAEC) with different IFN alpha subtypes during SARS-CoV-2 infection uncovered distinct functional classes with high, intermediate, and low antiviral IFNs. In particular, IFN alpha 5 showed superior antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice in vivo. Dose dependency studies further displayed additive effects upon coadministration with the broad antiviral drug remdesivir in cell culture. Transcriptomic analysis of IFN-treated hAEC revealed different transcriptional signatures, uncovering distinct, intersecting, and prototypical genes of individual IFN alpha subtypes. Global proteomic analyses systematically assessed the abundance of specific antiviral key effector molecules which are involved in IFN-I signaling pathways, negative regulation of viral processes, and immune effector processes for the potent antiviral IFN alpha 5. Taken together, our data provide a systemic, multimodular defini-tion of antiviral host responses mediated by defined IFN-I. This knowledge will support the development of novel therapeutic approaches against

关键词： Bayesian LASSO   FFPE   gene expression   gene selection   normalization   random-coefficient regression  

摘要： The medium-throughput mRNA abundance platform NanoString nCounter has gained great popularity in the past decade, due to its high sensitivity and technical reproducibility as well as remarkable applicability to ubiquitous formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Based on RCRnorm developed for normalizing NanoString nCounter data and Bayesian LASSO for variable selection, we propose a fully integrated Bayesian method, called RCRdiff, to detect differentially expressed (DE) genes between different groups of tissue samples (eg, normal and cancer). Unlike existing methods that often require normalization performed beforehand, RCRdiff directly handles raw read counts and jointly models the behaviors of different types of internal controls along with DE and non-DE gene patterns. Doing so would avoid efficiency loss caused by ignoring estimation uncertainty from the normalization step in a sequential approach and thus can offer more reliable statistical inference. We also propose clustering-based strategies for DE gene selection, which do not require any external dataset and are free of any arbitrary cutoff. Empirical evidence of the attractiveness of RCRdiff is demonstrated via extensive simulation and data examples.

关键词： analog applications   current mirror   negative capacitance   FDSOI   negative differential resistance  

摘要： Till date, the existing understanding of negative differential resistance (NDR) is obtained from metal-ferro-metal-insulator-semiconductor (MFMIS) FET, and it has been utilized for both MFMIS and metal-ferro-insulator-semiconductor (MFIS) based NCFETs. However, in MFIS architecture, the ferroelectric capacitance (C (FE)) is not a lumped capacitance. Therefore, for MFIS negative capacitance (NC) devices, the physical explanation which governs the NDR mechanism needs to be addressed. In this work, for the first time, we present the first principle explanation of the NDR effect in MFIS NC FDSOI. We found that the output current variation with the drain to source voltage (V (DS)), (i.e. g (ds)) primarily depends upon two parameters: (a) V (DS) dependent inversion charge gradient ( partial differential n/ partial differential V (DS));(b) V (DS) sensitive electron velocity ( partial differential v/ partial differential V (DS)), and the combined effect of these two dependencies results in NDR. Further, to mitigate the NDR effect, we proposed the BOX engineered NC FDSOI FET, in which the buried oxide (BOX) layer is subdivided into the ferroelectric (FE) layer and the SiO2 layer. In doing so, the inversion charge in the channel is enhanced by the BOX engineered FE layer, which in turn mitigates the NDR and a nearly zero g (ds) with a minimal positive slope has been obtained. Through well-calibrated TCAD simulations, by utilizing the obtained positive g (ds), we also designed a V (DS) independent constant current mirror which is an essential part of analog circuits. Furthermore, we discussed the impact of the FE parameter (remanent polarization and coercive field) variation on the device performances. We have also compared the acquired results with existing literature on NC-based devices, which justifies that our proposed structure exhibits complete diminution of NDR, thus enabling its use in analog circuit design.

关键词： Fusobacterium nucleatum   Biofilm   Transcriptome sequencing   Differential gene expression   Lysine  

摘要： As a chronic infectious disease, periodontitis can cause gum recession, loss of alveolar bone, loosening of teeth, and even loss of teeth. Dental plaque biofilm is the initiating factor for the occurrence and development of periodontitis. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) plays a vital role in the structure and ecology of dental plaque biofilms. It is a bridge between early and late colonization bacteria in dental plaque. Understanding the molecular mechanism of F. nucleatum during biofilm development is essential to control periodontitis. This study aimed to determine gene expression profiles of the F. nucleatum strain, ATCC 25586, in the planktonic and biofilm phase through RNA-sequencing approach. The results were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR). The results clearly illustrate the difference in gene expression of F. nucleatum under planktonic and biofilms. A total of 110 genes were differentially expressed by F. nucleatum in the biofilm state compared with the planktonic state. The 25 upregulated genes in the biofilm state were mainly related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, while the 85 downregulated genes were primarily associated with cell growth, division, and oxidative stress;most of the upregulated genes of F. nucleatum involved in virulence and oral malodor. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis and antibacterial activity test also identified Lysine might exhibit the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of F. nucleatum for the first time. These new findings could provide caveats for future studies on the regulation and maintenance of plaque biofilm and the development of biomarkers for periodontitis. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： Beta-Adrenergic blocker drug residues   stripping voltammetry   determination   biological fluids   drug residues in water  

摘要： Drug residues in water represent one of the most serious environmental problems because of their high toxicity to the biological system. Thus, this study reports a low-cost strategy for fast and precise analysis of beta- blocker timolol maleate (TM) using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DP ASV) at a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). At the optimised solution pH 7.2 and other analytical parameters (accumulation time, deposition potential, scan rate, and pulse amplitude), a well-defined oxidation peak was observed at 0.85 V vs Ag/AgCl electrode. The linear calibration range for TM at 0.85 V vs. Ag/AgCl electrode was found to be 5.0 x 10(-7) - 1.3 x 10(-4) mol L-1 (0.21-56.2 mu g mL(-1)) (R-2 = 0.9947) with lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 2.7 x 10(-7) (0.12) and 8.99 x 10(-7) mol L-1 (0.39 mu g mL(-1)), respectively. The developed assay was satisfactorily applied for trace determination of TM residues in biological fluids (urine), environmental water samples and eye drop with good recoveries (90.5 +/- 0.66-106 +/- 0.66%), demonstrating good accuracy and applicability of the proposed method as an effective and reliable electrochemical sensor for analysis of TM in complex matrices. Common organic and inorganic compounds did not interfere with TM in its determination. The established strategy was validated using the official HPLC method. Analysis results obtained by the present method were comparable to those obtained using the official method;indicating that the proposed method could be used as an alternative method for the routine quality control of the drug in complex matrices. Chromatographic methods are still more precise, while electrochemical sensors are promising for the analyte determination as they have reduced analytical time, low cost and reproducible. The proposed sensor also demonstrated excellent precision, selectivity, and reproducibility for TM determination.

关键词： Atomic and molecular physics   Quantum metrology   Optical spectroscopy   Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： Rapid progress in optical atomic clock performance has advanced the frontiers of timekeeping, metrology and quantum science(1-3). Despite considerable efforts, the instabilities of most optical clocks remain limited by the local oscillator rather than the atomsthemselves(4,5). Here we implement a 'multiplexed' one-dimensional optical lattice clock, in which spatially resolved strontium atom ensembles are trapped in the same optical lattice, interrogated simultaneously by a shared clock laser and read-out in parallel. In synchronous Ramsey interrogations of ensemble pairs we observe atom-atom coherence times of 26 s, a 270-fold improvement over the measured atom-laser coherence time, demonstrate a relative instability of 9.7(4) x 10(-18)/root tau (where tau is the averaging time) and reach a relative statistical uncertainty of 8.9 x 10(-20) after 3.3 h of averaging. These results demonstrate that applications involving optical clock comparisons need not be limited by the instability of the local oscillator. We further realize a miniaturized clock network consisting of 6 atomic ensembles and 15 simultaneous pairwise comparisons with relative instabilities below 3 x 10(-17)/root tau, and prepare spatially resolved, heterogeneous ensemble pairs of all four stable strontium isotopes. These results pave the way for multiplexed precision isotope shift measurements, spatially resolved characterization of limiting clock systematics, the development of clock-based gravitational wave and dark matter detectors(6-12) and new tests of relativity in the lab(13-)(16).