关键词:
海南
紫珠属
杜虹花
裸花紫珠
红腺紫珠
短柄紫珠
散花紫珠
木材解剖学
摘要:
为更好地识别海南产紫珠属(Callicarpa L.) 5种植物,即杜虹花(C. formasana Rolfe)、裸花紫珠(C. nudiflora Vahl)、红腺紫珠(C. erythrosticta Merr. & Chun)、短柄紫珠[C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance] 及散花紫珠[C. kochiana var. laxiflora (H. T. Chang) W. Z. Fang] 的木材解剖学特征,本文对上述植物的树皮、木材宏观及微观构造进行了详细的观测和描述。对上述五者的研究表明:树皮极薄,厚度为0.7~1.4 mm;而树皮颜色、皮孔略有不同。宏观特征:共同特征在于心边材区别不明显;散孔材;管孔大小略一致;轴向薄壁组织无或不明显;横切面上木射线清晰,较细密,常比管孔小;弦切面上呈银白色细线状;径切面上射线斑纹明显。不同特征在于髓心形状、生长轮大小、侵填体数量、内涵韧皮部有无等,其中杜虹花和裸花紫珠的髓心形状分别呈近六边形和近四方形,较为特殊,其他呈近圆形至椭圆形;短柄紫珠生长轮最窄(8~10轮/cm),而裸花紫珠最宽(1.5~2轮/cm);杜虹花和散花紫珠的侵填体较多;短柄紫珠和散花紫珠横切面上可见明显的长条状内涵韧皮部。微观特征:共同特征在于单管孔和径列复管孔(2~4个)为主,管间纹孔式互列;木射线非叠生,常同一列射线出现2次以上多列的部分。不同特征在于管孔密度、木射线类型、射线大小等,其中红腺紫珠的管孔密度最小(20~30个/mm2),短柄紫珠管孔密度最大(80~100个/mm2);裸花紫珠木射线类型以异形Ⅲ型为主,而其它4种以异形Ⅱ型为主;短柄紫珠的多列木射线常宽2细胞(稀3细胞),其他4种宽2~5细胞。与同科的柚木(Tectona grandis L.f.)和石梓(Gmelina chinensis Benth.)的比较研究表明,紫珠属植物在木材类型、管孔大小、管孔密度、管孔弦径、轴向薄壁组织、内涵韧皮部、木射线数量、木射线类型等方面与上述两属的木材构造具有一定的差异。综上所述,5种紫珠属植物的木材解剖构造上有很多相似之处,但也存在差异,本研究将为该属植物的木材鉴定与应用、系统分类和植物保护等方面提供依据。In order to better identify the wood anatomical characteristics of five species of Callicarpa L. plants in Hainan, namely C. formasana Rolfe, C. nudiflora Hook. & Arn., C. erythrosticta Merr. & Chun, C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance and C. kochiana var. laxiflora (H. T. Chang) W. Z. Fang, this paper has carried out detailed observations and descriptions of the macro-structure and micro-structure of these plants wood and bark. The experiment results of the five species indicated that: the barks were extremely thin, with a thickness of 0.7~1.4 mm, but the color and lenticel of the bark were different. Macroscopic features: The common characteristics were that the difference between heartwood and sapwood was not obvious;diffuse-porous wood;pores size was slightly consistent;axial parenchyma was absent or not obvious;xylem rays were clear, relatively fine, and often smaller than pores on the cross-section;it appeared as silver white fine lines on the tangential section;the xylem ray stripes were obvious on the radial section. The different characterist